402dd80 · hyperident-gateway

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1	1	# Hyperident Gateway Architecture
2	2
3		Status: 🚧 Under Development
	3	Status: alpha — single-topic P2P VPN works in lab, no end-to-end
	4	production validation since 2026-01-17.
4	5	Version: 0.1.0
5		Date: 2026-01-17
6	6
7	7	---
8	8
9	9	## Overview
10	10
11		Hyperident Gateway is a UTUN-based P2P gateway that exposes local services globally via Hyperswarm. It uses hyperident for deterministic identity management and virtual IP assignment.
	11	A small Bare-runtime daemon that joins one shared Hyperswarm topic
	12	and forwards IPv4 packets between a local TUN interface and remote
	13	peers based on per-IP announcements. Every peer on the topic is on
	14	the same virtual subnet; addressing is by virtual IP, not by service
	15	name.
12	16
13		## Core Concept
	17	This is the second iteration of the design. The original plan
	18	(per-service topics + service registry + nginx + identity-derived
	19	IPs) was scrapped in commit `f13919a` ("Remove obsolete service
	20	registry architecture"). The current code path knows nothing about
	21	services or hyperident profiles — it routes IP packets, period.
14	22
15		```
16		Internet/Remote Client
17		↓
18		nginx (optional)
19		↓
20		Virtual IP (10.22.0.x)
21		↓
22		UTUN Interface (tun0)
23		↓
24		Gateway Router
25		↓
26		Hyperswarm P2P
27		↓
28		Local Service (git daemon, postgres, fedicore, etc.)
29		```
30
31		---
32
33		## Component Architecture
	23	## Data flow
34	24
35		### Layer 1: Identity Management
36
37		GatewayIdentity
38		- Integrates with hyperident (`~/.hyperident/`)
39		- Derives deterministic topics from profile names
40		- Assigns virtual IPs via hashing
41		- Manages service registry
42
43		```javascript
44		class GatewayIdentity {
45		async deriveServiceTopic(profileName) // → 32-byte Buffer
46		async assignIP(profileName) // → '10.22.0.x'
47		async registerService(config) // → { name, ip, topic, port }
48		}
49	25	```
50
51		### Layer 2: Virtual Network Interface
52
53		UTUNManager
54		- Creates and manages TUN device
55		- Configures virtual subnet (10.22.0.0/16)
56		- Handles packet read/write
57		- IP packet parsing and routing
58
59		```javascript
60		class UTUNManager {
61		async create(config) // Create tun0
62		on('packet', (ipPacket) => {}) // Emit parsed IP packets
63		async write(buffer) // Write IP packet to TUN
64		async close() // Cleanup
65		}
	26	Local app Remote app
	27	│ │
	28	▼ ▼
	29	TUN device (10.22.0.1) TUN device (10.22.0.2)
	30	│ │
	31	▼ ▼
	32	UTUNManager ──parse IP, filter subnet── UTUNManager
	33	│ │
	34	▼ ▼
	35	HyperswarmRouter ──ANNOUNCE/PACKET protocol──► HyperswarmRouter
	36	│ ▲ │ ▲
	37	│ │ one shared Hyperswarm topic │ │
	38	▼ │ ▼ │
	39	Hyperswarm DHT ◄──peer discovery──► Hyperswarm DHT
66	40	```
67	41
68		### Layer 3: P2P Routing
69
70		HyperswarmRouter
71		- Joins Hyperswarm topics for services
72		- Discovers P2P peers
73		- Manages connection pool
74		- Routes packets to/from peers
	42	## Components
75	43
76		```javascript
77		class HyperswarmRouter {
78		async joinService(topic, ip) // Join swarm for service
79		on('connection', (conn, info) => {}) // New peer
80		async routePacket(dstIP, packet) // Send to P2P peer
81		async close() // Cleanup
82		}
83		```
	44	### `gateway.js` — entry point
84	45
85		### Layer 4: Service Registry
	46	`startGateway(config)` instantiates the three components, wires
	47	`onPacketReceived` from UTUN to the router, calls
	48	`hyperswarmRouter.start()` then `joinNetwork()` then
	49	`utunManager.open()`. Logs stats every 60s. Handles `SIGINT`/`SIGTERM`
	50	for graceful shutdown.
86	51
87		ServiceRegistry
88		- Tracks IP → service mappings
89		- Manages connection states
90		- Health checking (future)
91		- Load balancing (future)
	52	Reads only:
92	53
93		```javascript
94		class ServiceRegistry {
95		register(service) // Add service
96		lookup(virtualIP) // Find service by IP
97		listServices() // Get all services
98		updateConnection(ip, conn) // Track connections
99		}
	54	```js
	55	config.gateway.subnet // e.g. "10.22.0.0/16"
	56	config.gateway.virtualIP // e.g. "10.22.0.1"
	57	config.gateway.networkTopic // string, default "hyperident-network"
	58	config.gateway.tunDevice // default "tun0"
	59	config.gateway.mtu // default 1500
100	60	```
101	61
102		---
	62	### `lib/hyperswarm-router.js` — `HyperswarmRouter`
103	63
104		## Data Flow
	64	Owns the Hyperswarm instance, maintains the routing table, runs the
	65	announcement protocol.
105	66
106		### Outbound (Client → Service)
	67	Key methods:
107	68
	69	```js
	70	new HyperswarmRouter({ gatewayIdentity, networkTopic, onError, onConnection })
	71	await router.start() // creates Hyperswarm, wires connection handler
	72	await router.joinNetwork() // hashes networkTopic, joins as server+client
	73	router.forwardToP2P(packet, destIP) // looks up routing table, writes to peer(s)
	74	router.getStats() // counters + routing-table size
	75	await router.stop() // destroy connections + swarm
108	76	```
109		1. Client makes request
110		↓
111		2. nginx proxies to virtual IP (e.g., 10.22.0.10:9418)
112		↓
113		3. UTUN receives IP packet (dst: 10.22.0.10)
114		↓
115		4. Gateway parses packet, looks up service
116		↓
117		5. Finds Hyperswarm connection for that IP
118		↓
119		6. Writes packet to P2P stream
120		↓
121		7. Remote peer receives packet
122		↓
123		8. Service processes request
124		```
125
126		### Inbound (Service → Client)
127	77
128		```
129		1. Service sends response
130		↓
131		2. P2P stream receives packet
132		↓
133		3. Gateway writes to UTUN
134		↓
135		4. Packet routed back through network stack
136		↓
137		5. nginx receives response
138		↓
139		6. Client receives data
140		```
	78	State:
141	79
142		---
	80	- `connections: Set<connection>` — every active peer connection.
	81	- `connectionInfo: Map<connection, { peerIPs, isInitiator, stats }>`.
	82	- `routingTable: Map<ipString, Set<connection>>` — built from
	83	inbound `ANNOUNCE` messages.
143	84
144		## Configuration Schema
	85	### `lib/utun-manager.js` — `UTUNManager`
145	86
146		### gateway-config.json
	87	Wraps the `utun` Bare module. Creates the TUN device, configures
	88	IP/netmask, parses inbound IPv4 headers, filters by subnet, exposes
	89	async + sync write paths.
147	90
148		```json
149		{
150		"version": "1.0.0",
151		"gateway": {
152		"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
153		"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
154		"tunDevice": "tun0"
155		},
156		"hyperident": {
157		"identityPath": "~/.hyperident/",
158		"autoCreateProfiles": false
159		},
160		"services": [
161		{
162		"name": "git-daemon",
163		"profile": "git-daemon",
164		"port": 9418,
165		"transport": "tcp",
166		"enabled": true
167		},
168		{
169		"name": "fedicore",
170		"profile": "fedicore",
171		"port": 3000,
172		"transport": "tcp",
173		"enabled": true
174		}
175		],
176		"networking": {
177		"ipAssignmentStrategy": "hash",
178		"collisionHandling": "error",
179		"connectionPoolSize": 64
180		},
181		"logging": {
182		"level": "info",
183		"file": "/var/log/hyperident-gateway.log"
184		}
185		}
	91	```js
	92	new UTUNManager({ deviceName, gatewayIP, subnet, netmask, mtu,
	93	gatewayIdentity, onPacketReceived, onError })
	94	await utun.open() // new UTUN({mtu}) + configure({ip, netmask})
	95	await utun.writePacket(buf) // async; queues until kernel accepts
	96	utun.tryWritePacket(buf) // sync; may drop if queue full
	97	utun.getStats() // packet counters + tun.info()
	98	await utun.close()
186	99	```
187	100
188		---
	101	`_handleIncomingPacket` does the parse + subnet filter; matching
	102	packets are passed to `onPacketReceived({packet, ipPacket, destIP})`,
	103	which `gateway.js` wires to `router.forwardToP2P(packet, destIP)`.
189	104
190		## IP Assignment Strategy
	105	### `lib/gateway-identity.js` — `GatewayIdentity`
191	106
192		### Hash-Based (Default)
	107	In the current control flow, only `getOwnedIPs()` is called — it
	108	returns `[gatewayIP]`.
193	109
194		```javascript
195		function assignIP(topic) {
196		const hash = crypto.hash(topic) // SHA256
197		const octet3 = hash[0] // 0-255
198		const octet4 = hash[1] // 0-255
199		return `10.22.${octet3}.${octet4}`
200		}
201		```
	110	The class also contains a `loadProfiles → registerService →
	111	deriveServiceTopic` chain that reads `~/.hyperident/profiles.json`
	112	and would derive per-service topics. None of this is wired up.
	113	No caller in `gateway.js` invokes `registerService`. It's leftover
	114	from the pre-refactor design.
202	115
203		Benefits:
204		- Deterministic (same topic → same IP)
205		- No central coordination needed
206		- Works across multiple gateways
	116	`lib/service-registry.js` is similarly unreachable — never imported.
207	117
208		Drawbacks:
209		- Collision risk (~1% with 100 services)
210		- Need collision detection
	118	## Routing protocol
211	119
212		### Static Override
	120	Every peer-to-peer connection carries length-typed messages:
213	121
214		```json
215		{
216		"staticMappings": {
217		"git-daemon": "10.22.0.10",
218		"fedicore": "10.22.0.5"
219		}
220		}
221		```
222
223		---
224
225		## Packet Flow Detail
226
227		### IP Packet Structure
228
229		```
230		┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
231		│ IP Header │
232		│ - Source IP: client IP │
233		│ - Dest IP: 10.22.0.10 │
234		│ - Protocol: TCP (6) │
235		├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
236		│ TCP Header │
237		│ - Source Port: random │
238		│ - Dest Port: 9418 │
239		├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
240		│ Payload (git protocol data) │
241		└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
242	122	```
	123	[1 byte msg_type][payload]
243	124
244		### Gateway Processing
245
246		```javascript
247		tun.on('data', async (buffer) => {
248		// 1. Parse IP packet
249		const packet = parseIPPacket(buffer)
250		// { src: '192.168.1.100', dst: '10.22.0.10', protocol: 'tcp', ... }
251
252		// 2. Lookup service
253		const service = registry.lookup(packet.dst)
254		if (!service) return // Drop packet
255
256		// 3. Get P2P connection
257		const conn = service.connections[0]
258		if (!conn) {
259		console.warn(`No connection for ${service.name}`)
260		return
261		}
262
263		// 4. Forward packet
264		await conn.write(buffer)
265		})
	125	msg_type 0x01 ANNOUNCE → JSON { type, ips: ["10.22.0.1", ...] }
	126	msg_type 0x02 PACKET → raw IPv4 packet
266	127	```
267	128
268		---
269
270		## Security Considerations
271
272		### Current Design
	129	### Connection lifecycle
273	130
274		1. Hyperswarm E2E Encryption ✅
275		- All P2P traffic encrypted via NoiseSecretStream
276		- No plaintext over the wire
	131	1. Hyperswarm fires `'connection'` on the router's swarm.
	132	2. Router stores connection metadata, sends an `ANNOUNCE` immediately
	133	listing `gatewayIdentity.getOwnedIPs()`.
	134	3. Inbound `ANNOUNCE` messages update the routing table:
277	135
278		2. Hyperident Key Management ✅
279		- BIP39 mnemonic for root identity
280		- Deterministic key derivation
281		- Optional passphrase protection
	136	```
	137	for ip in announcement.ips:
	138	routingTable[ip].add(connection)
	139	```
282	140
283		3. IP Spoofing Prevention ⚠️
284		- UTUN is local-only (can't spoof virtual IPs from outside)
285		- Trust boundary at gateway machine
	141	4. Inbound `PACKET` messages are unwrapped and written into TUN via
	142	`UTUNManager.writePacket()`.
	143	5. On `connection.on('close')`, the router walks
	144	`connectionInfo[connection].peerIPs` and removes the connection
	145	from each entry in the routing table.
286	146
287		4. Service Authentication 🚧
288		- Future: Verify peers match expected public keys
289		- Future: Service-level ACLs
	147	### Outbound packet path
290	148
291		### Threat Model
	149	When `UTUNManager` reads a packet from the kernel:
292	150
293		In Scope:
294		- Unauthorized access to P2P network
295		- Man-in-the-middle attacks
296		- Service impersonation
	151	1. Parse IPv4 header → `{ srcIP, dstIP, payload, ... }`.
	152	2. If `dstIP` not in `subnet`, drop.
	153	3. Call `onPacketReceived({packet, ipPacket, destIP: dstIP})`.
	154	4. `gateway.js` forwards to `router.forwardToP2P(packet, destIP)`.
	155	5. Router does `routingTable[destIP]` lookup.
	156	- No match: log "No route to ..." and return false.
	157	- Match: wrap with `[0x02][packet]` and `connection.write` to
	158	every connection in the set (multipath).
297	159
298		Out of Scope:
299		- Local machine compromise
300		- Kernel-level attacks
301		- Physical access
	160	## Trust model
302	161
303		---
304
305		## Performance Characteristics
306
307		### Expected Throughput
308
309		- UTUN overhead: ~5-10% (packet parsing)
310		- Hyperswarm overhead: ~10-15% (encryption)
311		- Total overhead: ~20-25%
312
313		Baseline: 1 Gbps network → ~750 Mbps through gateway
314
315		### Latency
316
317		- Local: +1-2ms (UTUN + routing)
318		- P2P (good conditions): +10-50ms (DHT discovery + holepunching)
319		- P2P (poor NAT): +100-500ms (relay required)
320
321		### Connection Limits
322
323		- Hyperswarm default: 64 connections per swarm
324		- UTUN: No inherent limit
325		- Practical limit: ~100-200 concurrent services
326
327		---
328
329		## Scalability
330
331		### Horizontal Scaling
332
333		Multiple Gateways:
334		```
335		Gateway 1 (10.22.0.0/17) → Services 0-127
336		Gateway 2 (10.22.128.0/17) → Services 128-255
337		```
	162	- Topic is the credential. Any peer that knows the
	163	`networkTopic` string can join the swarm and start announcing IPs.
	164	- Announcements are unauthenticated. A malicious peer could
	165	announce any virtual IP and intercept traffic destined for it.
	166	- No payload encryption above the Hyperswarm transport.
	167	Hyperswarm gives encrypted point-to-point connections, so peers
	168	on the topic can't sniff each other's traffic, but the gateway
	169	doesn't add an additional auth layer.
338	170
339		Each gateway handles subset of IP space.
	171	This is fine for a small private VPN where everyone with the topic
	172	string is trusted. It is not safe as an internet-facing
	173	primitive without an identity/auth layer on top.
340	174
341		### Vertical Scaling
342
343		Single Gateway:
344		- Use /16 subnet (65,534 IPs)
345		- Collision probability with 1000 services: ~1.5%
346		- Implement collision detection and rehashing
347
348		---
349
350		## Implementation Phases
351
352		### Phase 1: Core Gateway ✅ (Current)
353
354		- [x] Architecture design
355		- [ ] Project structure
356		- [ ] GatewayIdentity class
357		- [ ] UTUNManager class
358		- [ ] HyperswarmRouter class
359		- [ ] ServiceRegistry class
360		- [ ] Basic packet routing
361
362		### Phase 2: Service Integration
363
364		- [ ] Git daemon integration
365		- [ ] Fedicore integration
366		- [ ] Health checking
367		- [ ] Connection pooling
368		- [ ] Error recovery
369
370		### Phase 3: nginx Integration
371
372		- [ ] Auto-generate nginx configs
373		- [ ] Dynamic upstream updates
374		- [ ] WebSocket support
375		- [ ] SSL termination
376
377		### Phase 4: Production Hardening
378
379		- [ ] Collision detection
380		- [ ] Service ACLs
381		- [ ] Rate limiting
382		- [ ] Monitoring/metrics
383		- [ ] Systemd service
384
385		### Phase 5: Advanced Features
386
387		- [ ] Load balancing across replicas
388		- [ ] Failover/redundancy
389		- [ ] Geographic routing
390		- [ ] Custom protocol handlers
391
392		---
393
394		## Testing Strategy
395
396		### Unit Tests
397
398		- IP assignment determinism
399		- Packet parsing correctness
400		- Service registry operations
401		- Connection lifecycle
402
403		### Integration Tests
404
405		- Full packet flow (client → gateway → service)
406		- Service discovery via Hyperswarm
407		- Connection recovery after failures
408		- Multi-service routing
409
410		### System Tests
411
412		- git clone via gateway
413		- Fedicore web access via gateway
414		- Performance benchmarks
415		- Long-running stability
416
417		---
418
419		## Deployment Architecture
420
421		### Development Setup
422
423		```
424		┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
425		│ Local Machine │
426		│ ├─ Gateway (sudo required for UTUN) │
427		│ ├─ git daemon (port 9418) │
428		│ └─ fedicore (port 3000) │
429		└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
430		```
431
432		### Production Setup
433
434		```
435		┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
436		│ Cloud VM (Gateway) │
437		│ ├─ nginx (80/443) │
438		│ ├─ hyperident-gateway (UTUN) │
439		│ └─ Hyperswarm (P2P connections) │
440		└───────────────┬─────────────────────────┘
441		│ Internet
442		↓
443		┌───────────────┴─────────────────────────┐
444		│ Edge Devices (Services) │
445		│ ├─ Laptop 1: git daemon │
446		│ ├─ Laptop 2: fedicore │
447		│ └─ Server 1: database │
448		└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
449		```
450
451		---
452
453		## Dependencies
	175	## Configuration
454	176
455	177	```json
456	178	{
457		"dependencies": {
458		"utun": "latest",
459		"hyperswarm": "^4.12.1",
460		"hypercore-crypto": "^3.4.0",
461		"ip-packet": "^2.2.1",
462		"minimist": "^1.2.8"
463		},
464		"devDependencies": {
465		"brittle": "^3.0.0"
	179	"gateway": {
	180	"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
	181	"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
	182	"networkTopic": "hyperident-network",
	183	"tunDevice": "tun0",
	184	"mtu": 1500
466	185	}
467	186	}
468	187	```
469	188
470		External Dependencies:
471		- hyperident (separate project)
472		- Node.js 20+
473		- Linux kernel with TUN support (or macOS)
474
475		---
476
477		## File Structure
478
479		```
480		hyperident-gateway/
481		├── gateway.js # Main entry point
482		├── lib/
483		│ ├── gateway-identity.js # Hyperident integration
484		│ ├── utun-manager.js # TUN device management
485		│ ├── hyperswarm-router.js # P2P routing
486		│ ├── service-registry.js # Service tracking
487		│ └── packet-parser.js # IP packet parsing
488		├── config/
489		│ ├── gateway-config.json # Main configuration
490		│ └── services.json # Service definitions
491		├── test/
492		│ ├── unit/
493		│ └── integration/
494		├── docs/
495		│ ├── ARCHITECTURE.md # This file
496		│ └── API.md # API reference
497		├── package.json
498		└── README.md
499		```
500
501		---
502
503		## API Reference (Future)
504
505		### CLI
	189	`networkTopic` is hashed at runtime via
	190	`crypto.hash(Buffer.from(networkTopic, 'utf8')).subarray(0, 32)`.
	191	Two peers using the same string land on the same Hyperswarm topic
	192	and form one VPN. Change the string to isolate networks.
506	193
507		```bash
508		# Start gateway
509		hyperident-gateway start [--config gateway-config.json]
	194	Other keys appearing in `gateway-config.example.json`
	195	(`hyperident.`, `services[]`, `staticMappings`, `networking.`,
	196	`logging.*`) are silently ignored.
510	197
511		# Register service
512		hyperident-gateway register <name> <profile> <port>
	198	## Statistics
513	199
514		# List services
515		hyperident-gateway list
	200	The router and TUN manager each expose `getStats()`. `gateway.js`
	201	prints a combined snapshot every 60s:
516	202
517		# Show service details
518		hyperident-gateway info <name>
519
520		# Test connectivity
521		hyperident-gateway test <name>
522
523		# Generate nginx config
524		hyperident-gateway nginx-config > /etc/nginx/sites-available/gateway
525	203	```
526
527		### Programmatic
528
529		```javascript
530		const Gateway = require('hyperident-gateway')
531
532		const gateway = new Gateway({
533		virtualIP: '10.22.0.1',
534		subnet: '10.22.0.0/16'
535		})
536
537		await gateway.start()
538
539		await gateway.registerService({
540		name: 'git-daemon',
541		profile: 'git-daemon',
542		port: 9418
543		})
544
545		gateway.on('service-connected', (service) => {
546		console.log(`${service.name} is online`)
547		})
	204	[2026-05-03T12:00:00.000Z] Stats:
	205	TUN: 1234 rx, 1230 tx, 4 dropped
	206	P2P: 1230 rx, 1234 tx, 2 connections
	207	Routing: 3 known IPs
548	208	```
549	209
550		---
	210	Counter sources:
551	211
552		## Monitoring & Observability
	212	- `UTUNManager.stats`: packetsReceived/Sent/Dropped, bytes,
	213	errors.
	214	- `HyperswarmRouter.stats`: connectionsOpened/Closed,
	215	announcementsSent/Received, packetsToP2P/FromP2P, bytes,
	216	errors. Plus computed `totalConnections`, `routingTableSize`.
553	217
554		### Metrics
	218	## Known gaps
555	219
556		- Packets routed per second
557		- Active connections per service
558		- Bytes transferred per service
559		- Connection failures
560		- Packet drop rate
	220	\| Gap \| Where it surfaces \|
	221	\|---\|---\|
	222	\| Dead code: `service-registry.js` + `gateway-identity.js` registerService chain \| `lib/` audit; ~120 LOC unreachable \|
	223	\| No reconnect / keepalive logic \| Long-lived peer churn untested \|
	224	\| Announcements unauthenticated \| Multi-tenant trust impossible without an upper layer \|
	225	\| systemd unit drift between in-tree template and `install-service.sh` output \| Operator confusion \|
	226	\| README/docs/ARCHITECTURE all reference pre-refactor design pre-2026-05-03 \| Reading-comprehension fix in progress \|
	227	\| Production deployment runs as `User=root`; capability variant pending \| `install-service.sh` \|
561	228
562		### Logging
	229	## File map
563	230
564	231	```
565		[INFO] Gateway started on 10.22.0.1
566		[INFO] Registered service: git-daemon → 10.22.0.10
567		[INFO] Hyperswarm joined topic: e1e807375329...
568		[INFO] Peer connected for git-daemon: 2 connections active
569		[WARN] No connection for service: fedicore (IP: 10.22.0.5)
570		[ERROR] Failed to route packet: destination unreachable
	232	gateway.js Entry. Bare shebang. ~200 LOC.
	233	lib/
	234	├── hyperswarm-router.js ~415 LOC. Active.
	235	├── utun-manager.js ~360 LOC. Active.
	236	├── gateway-identity.js getOwnedIPs() active; rest dead.
	237	└── service-registry.js DEAD. Slated for removal.
	238	config/
	239	└── gateway-config.example.json Reference config (extra keys ignored).
	240	systemd/
	241	└── hyperident-gateway.service Stale template. install-service.sh
	242	is the source of truth.
	243	docs/
	244	├── ARCHITECTURE.md (this file)
	245	├── HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md
	246	└── UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md
	247	test/
	248	├── manual-test.js
	249	├── test-p2p-loopback.js
	250	└── unit/gateway-identity.test.js
	251	install-service.sh Generates the systemd unit.
	252	setup-capabilities.sh Grants bare CAP_NET_ADMIN.
571	253	```
572
573		---
574
575		## Next Steps
576
577		1. Implement core classes
578		2. Test with git daemon
579		3. Add Fedicore support
580		4. nginx integration
581		5. Production deployment
582
583		---
584
585		Status: Architecture complete, ready for implementation
586		Last Updated: 2026-01-17

README.md +175 -237

…	…	@@ -1,315 +1,253 @@
1	1	# Hyperident Gateway
2	2
3		P2P gateway that bridges local services to the Hyperswarm network using deterministic identity-based addressing.
	3	Single-topic P2P VPN over Hyperswarm + TUN.
4	4
5		## Overview
	5	A Bare-runtime daemon that creates a virtual subnet (`10.22.0.0/16` by
	6	default), joins one shared Hyperswarm topic, and forwards IPv4 packets
	7	to peers based on per-IP announcements. Effectively a small P2P LAN /
	8	VPN — no central server, no per-service routing, no nginx.
6	9
7		Hyperident Gateway exposes local services globally via Hyperswarm P2P networking. It uses deterministic virtual IP assignment based on hyperident profiles, enabling services to be accessed from anywhere as if they were on a local network.
8
9		## Architecture
	10	## What it actually does
10	11
11	12	```
12		Local App → TUN Device (10.22.0.1) → UTUNManager → GatewayIdentity → HyperswarmRouter → P2P Network → Remote Peer
	13	Local app ──► TUN device (10.22.0.1) ──► UTUNManager ──► HyperswarmRouter ──► P2P peer
	14	│
	15	routing table: virtual IP → connection(s)
13	16	```
14	17
15		## Status
	18	1. Creates a TUN virtual interface and brings it up at the configured
	19	gateway IP.
	20	2. Joins one Hyperswarm topic derived from `crypto.hash(networkTopic)`
	21	(default string: `"hyperident-network"`). Anyone who joins the same
	22	topic is on the same VPN.
	23	3. On each new peer connection, broadcasts the IPs this gateway "owns"
	24	via an announcement protocol.
	25	4. Builds a routing table from peer announcements: `virtual IP → Set
	26	of connections`.
	27	5. Forwards inbound TUN packets to the peer(s) that announced the
	28	destination IP, and writes inbound peer packets back into TUN.
16	29
17		🎉 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETE! All core functionality ready for deployment.
	30	## Architecture
18	31
19		✅ Phase 1: Core Gateway - Complete
20		✅ Phase 2: UTUN Manager - Complete
21		✅ Phase 3: systemd Integration - Complete
22		✅ Phase 4: HyperswarmRouter - Complete
	32	The gateway is composed of three pieces, all wired together in
	33	`gateway.js`:
23	34
24		### Progress
	35	\| Component \| File \| Responsibility \|
	36	\|---\|---\|---\|
	37	\| `GatewayIdentity` \| `lib/gateway-identity.js` \| Supplies `getOwnedIPs()` to the router (currently just `[gatewayIP]`). \|
	38	\| `HyperswarmRouter` \| `lib/hyperswarm-router.js` \| Single-topic Hyperswarm join, ANNOUNCE/PACKET protocol, per-IP routing table, `forwardToP2P()`. \|
	39	\| `UTUNManager` \| `lib/utun-manager.js` \| Wraps the `utun` Bare module: creates the TUN device, configures IP/netmask, parses IPv4 headers, filters by subnet, exposes read/write. \|
25	40
26		- [x] Architecture design
27		- [x] Project structure
28		- [x] GatewayIdentity class
29		- [x] ServiceRegistry class
30		- [x] UTUNManager class
31		- [x] HyperswarmRouter class
32		- [x] systemd service integration
33		- [x] Installation automation
34		- [x] Full packet routing (TUN ↔ P2P)
35		- [x] Comprehensive documentation
36		- [ ] End-to-end testing (next)
	41	> **Note on `lib/service-registry.js` and the `loadProfiles` /
	42	> `registerService` / `deriveServiceTopic` chain in
	43	> `gateway-identity.js`:** these are leftover from an earlier
	44	> per-service-topic design (commit `f13919a` removed it from the
	45	> control flow). They exist on disk but are not reached at runtime.
37	46
38		## Quick Start
	47	## Status
39	48
40		### Prerequisites
	49	Single-topic P2P VPN works in the lab. Last code change: commit
	50	`f13919a` (Jan 17 2026). End-to-end production validation still
	51	pending.
41	52
42		```bash
43		# Install Bare runtime (required - not Node.js!)
44		npm install -g bare
	53	## Requirements
45	54
46		# Verify installation
47		bare --version
48		```
	55	- Bare runtime (not Node.js — the `utun` dependency is Bare-only).
	56	```bash
	57	npm install -g bare-runtime
	58	bare --version
	59	```
	60	- Linux with kernel TUN support (most distros ≥ 3.2).
	61	- `CAP_NET_ADMIN` capability on the running process — granted
	62	either via `sudo`, via `setcap` (see `setup-capabilities.sh`), or
	63	via `AmbientCapabilities=` in the systemd unit.
49	64
50		### Installation as systemd Service (Recommended)
	65	## Quick start (development)
51	66
52	67	```bash
53		cd /home/fleeky/projects/hyperident-gateway
54
55		# Install dependencies
	68	# from the repo root:
56	69	npm install
	70	sudo bare gateway.js # uses ./config/gateway-config.json
	71	# or with explicit config:
	72	sudo bare gateway.js --config config/gateway-config.json
	73	```
57	74
58		# Install as systemd service (requires sudo)
59		sudo ./install-service.sh
60
61		# Configure your services
62		nano config/gateway-config.json
63
64		# Start the gateway
65		sudo systemctl start hyperident-gateway
66
67		# Check status
68		sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway
	75	Logs network stats every 60s. Ctrl+C for graceful shutdown.
69	76
70		# View logs
71		sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -f
	77	To avoid running as root each time, grant `CAP_NET_ADMIN` to bare:
72	78
73		# Enable auto-start on boot
74		sudo systemctl enable hyperident-gateway
	79	```bash
	80	./setup-capabilities.sh
	81	getcap $(which bare) # should print: cap_net_admin+ep
	82	bare gateway.js # no sudo needed
75	83	```
76	84
77		### Development Testing
78
79		```bash
80		# Test GatewayIdentity and ServiceRegistry
81		bare test/manual-test.js
	85	## Configuration
82	86
83		# Test UTUN Manager (requires root)
84		sudo bare test/test-utun.js
	87	Copy and edit:
85	88
86		# Test gateway manually (requires root)
87		sudo bare gateway.js --config config/gateway-config.json
	89	```bash
	90	cp config/gateway-config.example.json config/gateway-config.json
88	91	```
89	92
90		## Configuration
91
92		Edit `config/gateway-config.json`:
	93	Only these keys are read by `gateway.js`:
93	94
94	95	```json
95	96	{
96	97	"gateway": {
97		"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
98		"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
99		"tunDevice": "tun0"
100		},
101		"staticMappings": {
102		"git-daemon": "10.22.0.10",
103		"fedicore": "10.22.0.5"
104		},
105		"services": [
106		{
107		"name": "git-daemon",
108		"profile": "git-daemon",
109		"port": 9418,
110		"transport": "tcp",
111		"enabled": true
112		}
113		]
	98	"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
	99	"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
	100	"networkTopic": "hyperident-network",
	101	"tunDevice": "tun0",
	102	"mtu": 1500
	103	}
114	104	}
115	105	```
116	106
117		## Components
118
119		### GatewayIdentity
120		- Loads hyperident profiles
121		- Derives deterministic Hyperswarm topics
122		- Assigns virtual IPs via hashing (deterministic: same profile → same IP)
123		- Manages service registry
124
125		### UTUNManager
126		- Creates and configures TUN virtual network interface
127		- Parses IPv4 packets
128		- Routes packets to/from services
129		- Tracks statistics
130
131		### ServiceRegistry
132		- Service registration and lookup
133		- Health monitoring
134		- Statistics aggregation
135
136		### HyperswarmRouter
137		- Joins Hyperswarm topics for each service
138		- Handles incoming and outgoing P2P connections
139		- Forwards packets from TUN to P2P peers
140		- Forwards packets from P2P peers to TUN
141		- Connection lifecycle management
142		- Statistics tracking
143
144		## Example Use Cases
145
146		### Git Daemon over P2P
147
148		```bash
149		# On gateway machine: Start git daemon locally
150		git daemon --base-path=/home/fleeky/git-repos --port=9418
151
152		# Configure in gateway-config.json
153		# Service will be accessible at 10.22.0.10:9418
	107	\| Key \| Purpose \|
	108	\|---\|---\|
	109	\| `gateway.subnet` \| Virtual subnet served by this gateway. Packets outside it are dropped. \|
	110	\| `gateway.virtualIP` \| This gateway's address inside the subnet. Announced to peers. \|
	111	\| `gateway.networkTopic` \| Plain string hashed into the 32-byte Hyperswarm topic. Same string = same VPN. Change this to isolate networks. \|
	112	\| `gateway.tunDevice` \| TUN interface name. Default `tun0`. \|
	113	\| `gateway.mtu` \| TUN MTU. Default `1500`. \|
154	114
155		# From ANY machine (with gateway running on both ends):
156		git clone git://10.22.0.10/myrepo.git
157		```
	115	> Older example-config keys (`hyperident.*`, `services[]`,
	116	> `staticMappings`, `networking.`, `logging.`) are **silently
	117	> ignored** by the current code. They are remnants of the earlier
	118	> per-service-topic design.
158	119
159		The gateway automatically:
160		1. Routes packets from TUN device (10.22.0.10)
161		2. Forwards to Hyperswarm P2P peers
162		3. Delivers to remote gateway
163		4. Remote gateway forwards to local git daemon
164		5. Response flows back via P2P → TUN → application
	120	## Production deployment (systemd)
165	121
166		### Fedicore Social Network
	122	Use the install script — it generates the unit file with current
	123	absolute paths so the in-tree systemd template doesn't drift:
167	124
168	125	```bash
169		# On gateway machine: Start Fedicore
170		cd /home/fleeky/test1/fedicore
171		npm run web
172
173		# Configure in gateway-config.json
174		# Service will be accessible at 10.22.0.5:8080
175
176		# From ANY machine with gateway:
177		curl http://10.22.0.5:8080/api/timeline
	126	sudo ./install-service.sh
	127	sudo systemctl enable --now hyperident-gateway
	128	sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway
	129	sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -f
178	130	```
179	131
180		All HTTP traffic routed seamlessly over P2P!
	132	The script writes `/etc/systemd/system/hyperident-gateway.service`
	133	with:
181	134
182		## Service Management
	135	- `User=root` and `AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN`
	136	(a regular-user + capability variant is the recommended pattern
	137	per `.claude/rules/06-deployment.md` — tracked as a future
	138	improvement).
	139	- `ExecStart` pointing at the bare runtime binary discovered at
	140	install time.
	141	- `Restart=on-failure` with a 60s/3-burst limit.
183	142
184		```bash
185		# Start service
186		sudo systemctl start hyperident-gateway
	143	The in-tree `systemd/hyperident-gateway.service` is a stale template
	144	overridden by the install script. Treat the install script as the
	145	source of truth.
187	146
188		# Stop service
189		sudo systemctl stop hyperident-gateway
	147	## Routing protocol
190	148
191		# Restart service
192		sudo systemctl restart hyperident-gateway
	149	Each peer-to-peer connection carries length-typed messages:
193	150
194		# View status
195		sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway
196
197		# View logs (all)
198		sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway
199
200		# View logs (follow)
201		sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -f
202
203		# View logs (last 50 lines)
204		sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -n 50
205
206		# Enable auto-start
207		sudo systemctl enable hyperident-gateway
208
209		# Disable auto-start
210		sudo systemctl disable hyperident-gateway
211	151	```
	152	[1 byte msg_type][payload]
212	153
213		## Development
	154	msg_type 0x01 ANNOUNCE → JSON { type, ips: ["10.22.0.1", ...] }
	155	msg_type 0x02 PACKET → raw IPv4 packet
	156	```
214	157
215		### Project Structure
	158	When a peer connects, both sides send an `ANNOUNCE` with their
	159	owned IPs. The receiver updates its routing table:
216	160
217	161	```
218		/home/fleeky/projects/hyperident-gateway/
219		├── lib/
220		│ ├── gateway-identity.js # Identity management
221		│ ├── service-registry.js # Service registration
222		│ └── utun-manager.js # TUN device management
223		├── test/
224		│ ├── manual-test.js # Integration tests
225		│ └── test-utun.js # UTUN device tests
226		├── config/
227		│ ├── gateway-config.json # Your config
228		│ └── gateway-config.example.json # Example config
229		├── systemd/
230		│ └── hyperident-gateway.service # systemd unit file
231		├── docs/
232		│ ├── ARCHITECTURE.md # System design
233		│ └── UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md # UTUN details
234		├── gateway.js # Main entry point
235		├── install-service.sh # Service installer
236		└── setup-capabilities.sh # Capability setup (alternative)
	162	routingTable["10.22.0.5"] → Set([connection-A, connection-B, ...])
237	163	```
238	164
239		### Running Tests
	165	`forwardToP2P(packet, destIP)` looks up the destination in the table
	166	and writes the wrapped packet to every matching connection (multipath
	167	by default). Inbound peer packets are unwrapped and written back into
	168	TUN via `UTUNManager.writePacket()`.
	169
	170	## Use case: VPN tunnel between sites
	171
	172	Run a gateway on each side. Both use the same `networkTopic` string
	173	and non-overlapping virtual IPs.
240	174
241	175	```bash
242		# Test identity management
243		bare test/manual-test.js
	176	# Site A (e.g. tabertron, virtualIP "10.22.0.1")
	177	sudo bare gateway.js --config /etc/hyperident-gateway/site-a.json
244	178
245		# Test TUN device (requires sudo)
246		sudo bare test/test-utun.js
	179	# Site B (e.g. 7rnx.net VPS, virtualIP "10.22.0.2")
	180	sudo bare gateway.js --config /etc/hyperident-gateway/site-b.json
247	181	```
248	182
249		## Troubleshooting
	183	After both peers discover each other on the Hyperswarm topic and
	184	exchange announcements, services bound to a virtual IP on either side
	185	become reachable from the other.
250	186
251		### Service won't start
	187	## Tests
252	188
253	189	```bash
254		# Check detailed logs
255		sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -n 100
256
257		# Check systemd status
258		sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway -l
259
260		# Verify config is valid JSON
261		cat config/gateway-config.json \| python -m json.tool
	190	bare test/manual-test.js # package.json test script
	191	bare test/test-p2p-loopback.js # P2P loopback harness
	192	bare test/unit/gateway-identity.test.js
262	193	```
263	194
264		### TUN device errors
	195	Tests that touch the TUN device need `CAP_NET_ADMIN` (sudo, setcap,
	196	or systemd ambient cap).
265	197
266		```bash
267		# Verify service is running as root
268		sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway \| grep "Main PID"
269
270		# Check TUN device exists
271		ip link show tun0
	198	## Project structure
272	199
273		# Remove stale TUN device
274		sudo ip link delete tun0
	200	```
	201	gateway.js Entry point. Bare shebang.
	202	lib/
	203	├── gateway-identity.js Owned-IPs supplier (registerService chain unused)
	204	├── hyperswarm-router.js Single-topic Hyperswarm + routing table
	205	├── utun-manager.js TUN wrapper around `utun` Bare module
	206	└── service-registry.js Dead code from per-service-topic era
	207	config/
	208	└── gateway-config.example.json Reference config (extra keys ignored)
	209	systemd/
	210	└── hyperident-gateway.service Stale template — install-service.sh
	211	is the source of truth
	212	docs/
	213	├── ARCHITECTURE.md System design
	214	├── HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md Router internals
	215	└── UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md TUN integration details
	216	test/
	217	├── manual-test.js
	218	├── test-p2p-loopback.js
	219	└── unit/gateway-identity.test.js
	220	install-service.sh Generates the systemd unit
	221	setup-capabilities.sh Grants bare CAP_NET_ADMIN
275	222	```
276	223
277		### Hyperident profile errors
278
279		```bash
280		# Initialize hyperident
281		cd /path/to/hyperident
282		node identity-manager.js init
283
284		# Create profiles for services
285		node identity-manager.js create-profile git-daemon
286		node identity-manager.js create-profile fedicore
	224	## Troubleshooting
287	225
288		# List profiles
289		node identity-manager.js list-profiles
290		```
	226	Service won't start. `sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -n
	227	100` for detailed logs. Validate config JSON with
	228	`python -m json.tool < config/gateway-config.json`.
291	229
292		## Documentation
	230	TUN device errors / "Operation not permitted". Confirm
	231	capability: `getcap $(which bare)` should show `cap_net_admin+ep`,
	232	or run with sudo. Stale TUN device: `sudo ip link delete tun0`.
293	233
294		- [SETUP.md](./SETUP.md) - Complete setup guide
295		- [ARCHITECTURE.md](./ARCHITECTURE.md) - System architecture
296		- [docs/UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md](./docs/UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md) - UTUN component details
297		- [docs/HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md](./docs/HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md) - HyperswarmRouter implementation
298		- [docs/IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md](./docs/IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md) - Implementation summary
	234	No peers discovered. Confirm both sides use the same
	235	`networkTopic` string; confirm Hyperswarm DHT is reachable
	236	(no firewall on UDP outbound). Stats log line shows
	237	`P2P: ... connections` count.
299	238
300		## Requirements
	239	## Security notes
301	240
302		- Bare Runtime: v1.0.0+ (not Node.js!)
303		- Linux: Kernel 3.2+ (for TUN device support)
304		- Root Access: Required for TUN device creation
305		- Hyperident: Optional (for profile-based addressing)
	241	- No authentication on announcements. Any peer joining the
	242	Hyperswarm topic can claim any virtual IP. Acceptable inside a
	243	private trust boundary (everyone with the `networkTopic` string
	244	is trusted); not safe as an internet-facing primitive.
	245	- Bare ambient capability vs. sudo: `setcap cap_net_admin+ep
	246	$(which bare)` runs the gateway as a regular user with only the
	247	capability needed to manage TUN. Strictly better than `sudo bare`
	248	in the dev path.
	249	- Removing the capability later: `sudo setcap -r $(which bare)`.
306	250
307	251	## License
308	252
309	253	Apache-2.0
310
311		## Version
312
313		0.1.0 - Development release
314
315		Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

SETUP.md +134 -174

…	…	@@ -1,263 +1,223 @@
1	1	# Hyperident Gateway Setup
2	2
	3	End-to-end setup walkthrough. For a quick reference, the README has
	4	the same material in shorter form.
	5
3	6	## Prerequisites
4	7
5		1. Bare Runtime - JavaScript runtime for P2P applications
6		```bash
7		npm install -g bare
8		```
	8	Bare runtime (the gateway uses Bare-only modules — `utun` will
	9	not load under Node.js):
	10
	11	```bash
	12	npm install -g bare-runtime
	13	bare --version
	14	```
9	15
10		2. Hyperident - Identity management (optional, for profile-based services)
11		```bash
12		cd /path/to/hyperident
13		# Follow hyperident setup instructions
14		```
	16	Linux with kernel TUN support (any recent distro). No additional
	17	kernel module install is needed for `/dev/net/tun` on standard
	18	distros.
15	19
16		## Permission Setup (Linux)
	20	## Permission setup
17	21
18		The gateway needs to create TUN network devices, which requires special permissions.
	22	The gateway must create and configure a TUN device, which requires
	23	`CAP_NET_ADMIN`. There are two supported paths.
19	24
20		### Option 1: Linux Capabilities (Recommended for Development)
	25	### Option 1 — `setcap` on bare (recommended for dev)
21	26
22		Grant the bare executable permission to create network devices without running as root:
	27	Grant `CAP_NET_ADMIN` to the bare runtime binary directly:
23	28
24	29	```bash
25		cd /home/fleeky/projects/hyperident-gateway
26	30	./setup-capabilities.sh
27	31	```
28	32
29		This will prompt for your sudo password once, then you can run the gateway without sudo.
	33	This prompts once for sudo, then no further sudo is needed. The
	34	capability lives on the bare binary, not on this app, so any other
	35	bare program you run inherits it.
30	36
31		What it does:
32		- Grants `CAP_NET_ADMIN` capability to bare
33		- Allows bare to create/configure TUN devices
34		- Does NOT give bare full root access
35		- Only applies to network device creation
	37	Verify:
36	38
37		Verify it worked:
38	39	```bash
39	40	getcap $(which bare)
40		# Should show: cap_net_admin+ep
	41	# expected: ...bare-runtime-linux-x64/bin/bare cap_net_admin=ep
41	42	```
42	43
43		### Option 2: Run with sudo (Simple but less secure)
	44	To remove later:
44	45
45	46	```bash
46		sudo bare test/test-utun.js
47		sudo bare gateway.js
	47	sudo setcap -r $(which bare)
48	48	```
49	49
50		Note: This runs the entire program as root, which is less secure than Option 1.
51
52		## Installation
53
54		1. Clone the repository or navigate to the project:
55		```bash
56		cd /home/fleeky/projects/hyperident-gateway
57		```
	50	### Option 2 — sudo
58	51
59		2. Install dependencies:
60		```bash
61		npm install
62		```
63
64		3. Set up permissions (choose one):
65		```bash
66		# Option 1: Capabilities (recommended)
67		./setup-capabilities.sh
68
69		# Option 2: Will use sudo when running
70		# (no setup needed)
71		```
72
73		## Testing
74
75		### Test GatewayIdentity and ServiceRegistry
	52	Simplest, least granular:
76	53
77	54	```bash
78		bare test/manual-test.js
	55	sudo bare gateway.js
79	56	```
80	57
81		Expected output:
82		- ✅ Loads hyperident profiles
83		- ✅ Derives deterministic topics and IPs
84		- ✅ Registers services
85		- ✅ Tests service lookup
86
87		### Test UTUN Manager
88
89		```bash
90		# If you ran setup-capabilities.sh:
91		bare test/test-utun.js
92
93		# Otherwise:
94		sudo bare test/test-utun.js
95		```
	58	The whole process runs as root.
96	59
97		Expected output:
98		- ✅ Creates TUN device (tun0)
99		- ✅ Configures IP address (10.22.0.1)
100		- ✅ Parses IP packets
101		- ✅ Tests packet I/O
102		- ✅ Tracks statistics
	60	### Option 3 — systemd ambient capability
103	61
104		Note: You should see the TUN device created:
105		```
106		✅ TUN device created: tun0
107		IP: 10.22.0.1
108		Subnet: 10.22.0.0/16
109		MTU: 1500
110		```
	62	For production. The unit generated by `install-service.sh` runs with
	63	`AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN` (currently as `User=root`; the
	64	preferred regular-user variant is a tracked future improvement).
111	65
112		## Running the Gateway
	66	## Install
113	67
114		### Start the Gateway
	68	From the repo root:
115	69
116	70	```bash
117		# With capabilities:
118		bare gateway.js --config config/gateway-config.json
119
120		# Without capabilities (using sudo):
121		sudo bare gateway.js --config config/gateway-config.json
	71	npm install
122	72	```
123	73
124		### Check Gateway Status
125
126		```bash
127		# In another terminal, ping a service:
128		ping 10.22.0.10 # git-daemon (if registered)
129
130		# Check TUN interface:
131		ip addr show tun0
132
133		# View logs:
134		journalctl -f # If running as systemd service
135		```
	74	Optional: grant capabilities (Option 1 above).
136	75
137	76	## Configuration
138	77
139		Create a configuration file based on the example:
	78	Copy and edit:
140	79
141	80	```bash
142	81	cp config/gateway-config.example.json config/gateway-config.json
143	82	```
144	83
145		Edit `config/gateway-config.json` to:
146		- Set your hyperident profile path
147		- Configure static IP mappings
148		- Register services
	84	Only these keys are read by `gateway.js`:
149	85
150		Example:
151	86	```json
152	87	{
153	88	"gateway": {
154		"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
155		"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16"
156		},
157		"services": [
158		{
159		"name": "git-daemon",
160		"profile": "git-daemon",
161		"port": 9418,
162		"enabled": true
163		}
164		],
165		"staticMappings": {
166		"git-daemon": "10.22.0.10"
	89	"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
	90	"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
	91	"networkTopic": "hyperident-network",
	92	"tunDevice": "tun0",
	93	"mtu": 1500
167	94	}
168	95	}
169	96	```
170	97
171		## Troubleshooting
	98	The example file may include additional keys (`hyperident.*`,
	99	`services[]`, `staticMappings`, `networking.`, `logging.`) — those
	100	are leftovers from an earlier per-service-topic design and are
	101	silently ignored by the current code path.
172	102
173		### "Operation not permitted" when creating TUN device
	103	## Running the gateway
174	104
175		Problem: Bare doesn't have permission to create TUN devices.
	105	### Development
176	106
177		Solution:
178	107	```bash
179		# Check if capability is set:
180		getcap $(which bare)
	108	# With CAP_NET_ADMIN on bare (Option 1):
	109	bare gateway.js --config config/gateway-config.json
181	110
182		# If not set, run setup:
183		./setup-capabilities.sh
	111	# Without (Option 2):
	112	sudo bare gateway.js --config config/gateway-config.json
	113	```
184	114
185		# Or use sudo:
186		sudo bare test/test-utun.js
	115	You should see:
	116
	117	```
	118	🚀 Starting Hyperident Gateway v0.1.0
	119	📝 Initializing GatewayIdentity...
	120	📝 Initializing UTUN Manager...
	121	✅ TUN device created: tun0
	122	IP: 10.22.0.1
	123	Subnet: 10.22.0.0/16
	124	MTU: 1500
	125	📝 Joining network topic: "hyperident-network"
	126	✅ Network topic joined
	127	Waiting for peers to connect...
187	128	```
188	129
189		### TUN device already exists
	130	Stats log every 60s. Ctrl+C for graceful shutdown.
190	131
191		Problem: Previous run didn't clean up properly.
	132	### Verify
192	133
193		Solution:
194	134	```bash
195		# Remove existing TUN device:
196		sudo ip link delete tun0
	135	# TUN interface up?
	136	ip addr show tun0
197	137
198		# Or reboot (TUN devices are temporary)
	138	# Self-ping the gateway IP
	139	ping 10.22.0.1
199	140	```
200	141
201		### "Cannot find module" errors
	142	When a peer connects you'll see `📡 New P2P connection` and
	143	`📢 Sent announcement: 1 IPs` in the log.
202	144
203		Problem: Dependencies not installed.
	145	## Production install (systemd)
	146
	147	Use the install script — it generates the unit with current absolute
	148	paths so the in-tree systemd template doesn't drift:
204	149
205		Solution:
206	150	```bash
207		npm install
	151	sudo ./install-service.sh
208	152	```
209	153
210		### Hyperident profiles not found
	154	This:
211	155
212		Problem: Hyperident not initialized or profiles don't exist.
	156	1. Resolves the bare runtime binary via `which bare` and
	157	`bare-runtime-linux-x64/bin/bare`.
	158	2. Writes `/etc/systemd/system/hyperident-gateway.service` with the
	159	resolved paths, `User=root`, `AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN`,
	160	and `Restart=on-failure`.
	161	3. Reloads systemd.
213	162
214		Solution:
215		```bash
216		# Initialize hyperident:
217		cd /path/to/hyperident
218		node identity-manager.js init
	163	Then:
219	164
220		# Create profiles:
221		node identity-manager.js create-profile git-daemon
222		node identity-manager.js create-profile fedicore
	165	```bash
	166	sudo systemctl enable --now hyperident-gateway
	167	sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway
	168	sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -f
223	169	```
224	170
225		## Security Notes
	171	`systemd/hyperident-gateway.service` in this repo is a stale template
	172	— `install-service.sh` is the source of truth.
226	173
227		### Why Capabilities Are More Secure
228
229		Without capabilities (using sudo):
230		- Entire program runs as root
231		- If compromised, attacker has full system access
232		- All code (including bugs) runs with root privileges
	174	## Troubleshooting
233	175
234		With capabilities:
235		- Only TUN device creation needs elevated privileges
236		- Rest of program runs as normal user
237		- Minimal privilege principle
238		- If compromised, attacker can only create network devices
	176	"Operation not permitted" creating TUN device. Capability
	177	missing. Either run `./setup-capabilities.sh` or run with sudo.
239	178
240		### Removing Capabilities
	179	```bash
	180	getcap $(which bare) # check
	181	./setup-capabilities.sh # grant
	182	```
241	183
242		If you want to remove the capability later:
	184	TUN device already exists. Previous run didn't clean up.
243	185
244	186	```bash
245		sudo setcap -r $(which bare)
	187	sudo ip link delete tun0
246	188	```
247	189
248		## Next Steps
	190	`Cannot find module 'utun'`. You ran with `node` instead of
	191	`bare`. The `utun` package is Bare-only.
	192
	193	Configuration file not found. Either pass `--config <path>` or
	194	make sure `./config/gateway-config.json` exists relative to the
	195	working directory.
	196
	197	No peers discovered. Confirm both sides use the same
	198	`networkTopic` string. Confirm UDP outbound isn't firewalled
	199	(Hyperswarm DHT needs UDP). Connection count appears in the 60s stats
	200	log line.
249	201
250		Once setup is complete:
	202	## Service management
251	203
252		1. ✅ Test UTUN device creation
253		2. ✅ Register services with hyperident
254		3. ⏳ Implement HyperswarmRouter
255		4. ⏳ Test end-to-end P2P connectivity
256		5. ⏳ Set up as systemd service (production)
	204	```bash
	205	sudo systemctl start hyperident-gateway
	206	sudo systemctl stop hyperident-gateway
	207	sudo systemctl restart hyperident-gateway
	208	sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway
	209	sudo systemctl enable hyperident-gateway # auto-start on boot
	210	sudo systemctl disable hyperident-gateway
	211
	212	sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -f # follow logs
	213	sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -n 50 # last 50 lines
	214	```
257	215
258		## Support
	216	## Why capabilities are more secure than sudo
259	217
260		For issues or questions:
261		- Check the test output for error messages
262		- Review the architecture documentation in `docs/`
263		- Check hyperident setup at `/path/to/hyperident`
	218	Without capabilities (sudo), the entire program runs as root — every
	219	bug, every dependency, every code path has full system access. With
	220	`CAP_NET_ADMIN` granted via `setcap`, only the kernel calls that
	221	actually need elevated privileges (TUN device creation/config) are
	222	permitted; everything else runs with normal user permissions. Same
	223	runtime trust model, smaller blast radius if anything is compromised.

config/gateway-config.example.json +4 -35

…	…	@@ -1,41 +1,10 @@
1	1	{
2	2	"version": "1.0.0",
3	3	"gateway": {
4		"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
5	4	"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
6		"tunDevice": "tun0"
7		},
8		"hyperident": {
9		"identityPath": "~/.hyperident/",
10		"autoCreateProfiles": false
11		},
12		"staticMappings": {
13		"git-daemon": "10.22.0.10",
14		"fedicore": "10.22.0.5"
15		},
16		"services": [
17		{
18		"name": "git-daemon",
19		"profile": "git-daemon",
20		"port": 9418,
21		"transport": "tcp",
22		"enabled": true
23		},
24		{
25		"name": "fedicore",
26		"profile": "fedicore",
27		"port": 3000,
28		"transport": "tcp",
29		"enabled": true
30		}
31		],
32		"networking": {
33		"ipAssignmentStrategy": "hash",
34		"collisionHandling": "error",
35		"connectionPoolSize": 64
36		},
37		"logging": {
38		"level": "info",
39		"file": "/var/log/hyperident-gateway.log"
	5	"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
	6	"networkTopic": "hyperident-network",
	7	"tunDevice": "tun0",
	8	"mtu": 1500
40	9	}
41	10	}

docs/HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md +150 -378

…	…	@@ -1,459 +1,231 @@
1		# HyperswarmRouter Implementation
	1	# HyperswarmRouter
2	2
3		## Overview
	3	Routes IPv4 packets between the local TUN device and remote peers
	4	over a single shared Hyperswarm topic. Internal component of
	5	`hyperident-gateway`; not a separate package.
4	6
5		The HyperswarmRouter is the final component of the hyperident-gateway system that bridges local services to the global Hyperswarm P2P network. It handles bidirectional packet routing between the TUN virtual network interface and P2P peers.
6
7		## Architecture
	7	## Position in the stack
8	8
9	9	```
10		Local Application
11		↓ (connects to virtual IP)
12		TUN Device (10.22.0.1)
13		↓ (IP packets)
14		UTUNManager
15		↓ (parsed packets + service info)
16		HyperswarmRouter
17		↓ (P2P streams)
18		Hyperswarm Network
19		↓ (encrypted connections)
20		Remote Peers (anywhere on internet)
	10	TUN device (10.22.0.1)
	11	│
	12	▼
	13	UTUNManager ──parses IP, filters subnet──
	14	│
	15	▼ onPacketReceived({packet, ipPacket, destIP})
	16	HyperswarmRouter ──forwardToP2P(packet, destIP)──► peer connection(s)
	17	│ ▲
	18	▼ │ writePacket(packet)
	19	Hyperswarm DHT
21	20	```
22	21
23		## Implementation Details
24
25		### File Location
26
27		`lib/hyperswarm-router.js` - 350+ lines
28
29		### Core Responsibilities
30
31		1. Topic Management
32		- Join Hyperswarm topics for each registered service
33		- Maintain topic → service mapping
34		- Handle topic announcements and discovery
35
36		2. Connection Management
37		- Accept incoming P2P connections (server role)
38		- Initiate outgoing P2P connections (client role)
39		- Track active connections per service
40		- Handle connection lifecycle (open, data, close, error)
41
42		3. Packet Routing
43		- TUN → P2P: Forward packets from local apps to remote peers
44		- P2P → TUN: Forward packets from remote peers to local apps
45		- Buffer management for packets
46
47		4. Statistics Tracking
48		- Packets/bytes sent and received
49		- Connection counts per service
50		- Error tracking
51
52		### Key Methods
53
54		#### Initialization
	22	## Constructor
55	23
56	24	```javascript
57		const router = new HyperswarmRouter({
58		gatewayIdentity, // Service registry
59		utunManager, // TUN device manager
60		onError: (err) => console.error(err),
61		onConnection: (connection, service, isInitiator) => {
62		// Called when new P2P connection is established
63		}
	25	new HyperswarmRouter({
	26	gatewayIdentity, // supplies getOwnedIPs() for ANNOUNCE
	27	utunManager, // optional at construct; gateway.js
	28	// sets it post-construction
	29	networkTopic = 'hyperident-network',
	30	onError(err) = console.error,
	31	onConnection(connection, isInitiator) = noop
64	32	})
65
66		await router.start() // Initialize Hyperswarm
67	33	```
68	34
69		#### Service Management
	35	## Lifecycle
70	36
71	37	```javascript
72		// Join a single service topic
73		await router.joinService(service)
74
75		// Join all registered services
76		await router.joinAllServices()
77
78		// Leave a service topic
79		await router.leaveService(service)
	38	await router.start() // creates Hyperswarm, wires
	39	// 'connection' + 'error' handlers
	40	await router.joinNetwork() // hashes networkTopic, joins as
	41	// server + client, awaits flushed()
	42	await router.stop() // destroys all connections, then
	43	// destroys the swarm
80	44	```
81	45
82		#### Packet Forwarding
	46	`start()` and `stop()` are independent of `joinNetwork()`. Stopping
	47	sweeps all connections and destroys the swarm; routing table state
	48	is dropped.
	49
	50	## Topic derivation
83	51
84	52	```javascript
85		// Forward packet from TUN to P2P peers
86		// Called by UTUNManager's onPacketReceived callback
87		await router.forwardToP2P(packet, service)
	53	this.topicBuffer = crypto.hash(Buffer.from(this.networkTopic, 'utf8'))
	54	.subarray(0, 32)
88	55	```
89	56
90		#### Shutdown
	57	The string `networkTopic` (e.g. `"hyperident-network"`) is hashed
	58	into a 32-byte Hyperswarm topic. Two peers with the same string land
	59	on the same topic and form one VPN. Change the string to isolate
	60	networks.
	61
	62	There is one topic. There are no per-service topics — that was
	63	the pre-refactor design.
	64
	65	## Routing table
91	66
92	67	```javascript
93		// Gracefully leave all topics and close connections
94		await router.stop()
	68	this.connections = Set<connection>
	69	this.connectionInfo = Map<connection, { peerIPs, isInitiator, stats }>
	70	this.routingTable = Map<ipString, Set<connection>>
95	71	```
96	72
97		### Data Structures
	73	The routing table is built from inbound `ANNOUNCE` messages. Multiple
	74	peers may announce the same IP — `forwardToP2P` writes to all of
	75	them (multipath, no dedup).
98	76
99		#### Topics Map
	77	## Wire protocol
100	78
101		```javascript
102		// Map: topic hex string → topic info
103		this.topics = new Map()
	79	```
	80	[1 byte msg_type][payload]
104	81
105		// Topic info structure:
106		{
107		service: { // Service details
108		name: 'git-daemon',
109		ip: '10.22.0.10',
110		port: 9418,
111		topic: Buffer(32),
112		...
113		},
114		connections: Set(), // Active connections for this topic
115		discovery: {} // Hyperswarm discovery handle
116		}
	82	msg_type 0x01 ANNOUNCE → JSON { type, ips: ["10.22.0.1", ...] }
	83	msg_type 0x02 PACKET → raw IPv4 packet
117	84	```
118	85
119		#### Connections Map
	86	### ANNOUNCE
120	87
121		```javascript
122		// Map: connection object → connection info
123		this.connections = new Map()
	88	Sent once on each new connection (sender does not wait for the
	89	peer's announce first; both sides race). Payload:
124	90
125		// Connection info structure:
126		{
127		topic: Buffer(32),
128		service: { ... },
129		isInitiator: true, // true if we initiated, false if peer initiated
130		stats: {
131		bytesReceived: 0,
132		bytesSent: 0,
133		packetsReceived: 0,
134		packetsSent: 0
135		}
136		}
	91	```json
	92	{ "type": 1, "ips": ["10.22.0.1"] }
137	93	```
138	94
139		## Packet Flow
	95	The IP list comes from `gatewayIdentity.getOwnedIPs()`, which today
	96	returns `[gatewayIP]`.
140	97
141		### Outgoing (TUN → P2P)
	98	There is no signature, no replay protection, and no challenge/response
	99	— any peer joining the topic can claim any IP. See
	100	"Trust model" in `ARCHITECTURE.md`.
142	101
143		1. Local app sends packet to virtual IP (e.g., `10.22.0.10`)
144		2. TUN device receives IP packet
145		3. UTUNManager parses packet header
146		4. UTUNManager looks up service by destination IP
147		5. UTUNManager calls `router.forwardToP2P(packet, service)`
148		6. HyperswarmRouter finds active connections for service's topic
149		7. Router writes raw packet to all P2P streams
150		8. Packets transmitted to remote peers via Hyperswarm
	102	### PACKET
151	103
152		### Incoming (P2P → TUN)
	104	Raw IPv4 packet bytes after the type byte. Receiver passes them to
	105	`utunManager.writePacket(packet)`.
153	106
154		1. Remote peer sends packet over P2P connection
155		2. Connection 'data' event fires in HyperswarmRouter
156		3. Router calls `_handleP2PData(connection, data)`
157		4. Router writes raw packet to TUN device via `utunManager.tryWritePacket(data)`
158		5. TUN device injects packet into kernel network stack
159		6. Kernel routes packet to local application
160		7. Local app receives packet as if from network
	107	## Outbound packet path
161	108
162		## Connection Lifecycle
163
164		### Incoming Connection (Server Role)
165
166		```
167		1. Remote peer discovers our topic via DHT
168		2. Peer initiates connection to us
169		3. Hyperswarm fires 'connection' event
170		4. Router receives connection with info.client = false
171		5. Router adds to connections map
172		6. Router listens for data events
173		7. On connection close, router cleans up
	109	```javascript
	110	async forwardToP2P(packet, destIP) {
	111	const connections = this.routingTable.get(destIP)
	112	if (!connections \|\| connections.size === 0) return false // logs "No route to ..."
	113	const message = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x02]), packet])
	114	for (const connection of connections) {
	115	connection.write(message)
	116	// counters: connInfo.stats.bytesSent / packetsSent,
	117	// this.stats.packetsToP2P / bytesToP2P
	118	}
	119	return true
	120	}
174	121	```
175	122
176		### Outgoing Connection (Client Role)
	123	`gateway.js` wires this in via `UTUNManager`'s `onPacketReceived`
	124	callback, so every packet that comes off the TUN device for an
	125	in-subnet destination flows through here.
177	126
178		```
179		1. We join topic as client
180		2. Hyperswarm discovers peers via DHT
181		3. Hyperswarm initiates connection to peer
182		4. Hyperswarm fires 'connection' event
183		5. Router receives connection with info.client = true
184		6. Router adds to connections map
185		7. Router listens for data events
186		8. On connection close, router cleans up
	127	## Inbound packet path
	128
	129	```javascript
	130	_handlePacket(connection, packetData, connInfo) {
	131	// counters update
	132	if (this.utunManager) this.utunManager.writePacket(packetData)
	133	}
187	134	```
188	135
189		## Topic Generation
	136	There is no source-IP authentication — whatever the peer sends is
	137	written into the local kernel TUN. Only `gateway.js` setting
	138	`router.utunManager = utunManager` opens this path.
190	139
191		For services with static IPs (no hyperident profile):
	140	## Connection lifecycle
192	141
193		```javascript
194		// Generate deterministic topic from service name
195		const topic = crypto.hash(
196		Buffer.from(`hyperident-gateway:${serviceName}`)
197		).subarray(0, 32)
198	142	```
	143	swarm.on('connection', (conn, info) => _handleConnection(conn, info))
199	144
200		For services with hyperident profiles:
	145	_handleConnection:
	146	this.connections.add(conn)
	147	this.connectionInfo.set(conn, { peerIPs: Set(), isInitiator: info.client, stats })
	148	this.stats.connectionsOpened++
	149	onConnection(conn, info.client)
	150	_sendAnnouncement(conn)
	151	conn.on('data', d => _handleMessage(conn, d, connInfo))
	152	conn.on('close', () => _handleConnectionClose(conn, connInfo))
	153	conn.on('error', err => stats.errors++)
201	154
202		```javascript
203		// Topic derived from profile via GatewayIdentity
204		const topic = await gatewayIdentity.deriveServiceTopic(profileName)
	155	_handleConnectionClose:
	156	for ip in connInfo.peerIPs:
	157	routingTable[ip].delete(conn)
	158	if empty: routingTable.delete(ip)
	159	connections.delete(conn)
	160	connectionInfo.delete(conn)
	161	stats.connectionsClosed++
205	162	```
206	163
207	164	## Statistics
208	165
209	166	```javascript
210		const stats = router.getStats()
211
212		// Returns:
	167	router.getStats()
	168	// →
213	169	{
214		topicsJoined: 2,
215		connectionsOpened: 5,
216		connectionsClosed: 1,
217		packetsToP2P: 142,
218		packetsFromP2P: 98,
219		bytesToP2P: 71234,
220		bytesFromP2P: 49123,
221		errors: 0,
222		topics: [
223		{
224		service: 'git-daemon',
225		topic: '31fa0ee18d3c4e02...',
226		connections: 2
227		},
228		{
229		service: 'fedicore',
230		topic: '78ac8809ecb04556...',
231		connections: 0
232		}
233		],
234		totalConnections: 2,
235		isRunning: true
	170	connectionsOpened, connectionsClosed,
	171	announcementsSent, announcementsReceived,
	172	packetsToP2P, packetsFromP2P,
	173	bytesToP2P, bytesFromP2P,
	174	errors,
	175	totalConnections, // = this.connections.size
	176	routingTableSize, // = this.routingTable.size
	177	isRunning,
	178	networkTopic // string, not the hash
236	179	}
237	180	```
238	181
239		## Integration with Gateway
	182	`gateway.js` prints a snapshot every 60s combined with TUN stats.
240	183
241		In `gateway.js`, the router is initialized and integrated as follows:
	184	## Wired-up integration (`gateway.js`)
242	185
243	186	```javascript
244		// 1. Create router
245	187	const hyperswarmRouter = new HyperswarmRouter({
246	188	gatewayIdentity,
247		onError: (err) => console.error('Hyperswarm Error:', err),
248		onConnection: (conn, service, isInitiator) => {
249		console.log(`Connected to ${service.name}`)
250		}
	189	networkTopic: config.gateway.networkTopic \|\| 'hyperident-network',
	190	onError: (err) => console.error('❌ Hyperswarm Error:', err.message),
	191	onConnection: (conn, isInit) => console.log(
	192	`Connected to peer (${isInit ? 'outgoing' : 'incoming'})`
	193	)
251	194	})
252	195
253		// 2. Create UTUN manager with router callback
254	196	const utunManager = new UTUNManager({
255		gatewayIdentity,
	197	...,
256	198	onPacketReceived: (data) => {
257		// Forward packets to P2P
258		hyperswarmRouter.forwardToP2P(data.packet, data.service)
	199	hyperswarmRouter.forwardToP2P(data.packet, data.destIP)
259	200	}
260	201	})
261	202
262		// 3. Link router to UTUN (for reverse direction)
263		hyperswarmRouter.utunManager = utunManager
	203	hyperswarmRouter.utunManager = utunManager // post-construct wire-up
264	204
265		// 4. Start everything
266	205	await utunManager.open()
267	206	await hyperswarmRouter.start()
268		await hyperswarmRouter.joinAllServices()
269
270		// 5. Graceful shutdown
271		const shutdown = async () => {
272		await hyperswarmRouter.stop() // Leave topics, close connections
273		await utunManager.close() // Close TUN device
274		}
275		```
276
277		## Security Considerations
278
279		### Encryption
280
281		- All P2P connections use Noise protocol encryption (via Hyperswarm)
282		- End-to-end encryption between gateway and peers
283		- No intermediaries can read packet contents
284
285		### Authentication
286
287		- Topic discovery uses DHT
288		- Connections established via Noise handshake
289		- Future: Can integrate hyperident signatures for peer verification
290
291		### Network Isolation
292
293		- TUN device operates in its own subnet (10.22.0.0/16)
294		- Services accessed via virtual IPs only
295		- No direct internet exposure required
296
297		## Performance Characteristics
298
299		### Latency
300
301		- TUN overhead: ~100-500 microseconds
302		- Hyperswarm connection: ~50-200ms first packet (DHT lookup)
303		- Subsequent packets: ~20-100ms (direct P2P)
304		- Total: Similar to VPN latency
305
306		### Throughput
307
308		- TUN device: Limited by kernel packet processing (~1-10 Gbps)
309		- Hyperswarm: Limited by network bandwidth and peer count
310		- Typical: 10-100 Mbps per connection (depending on network)
311
312		### Scalability
313
314		- Services: Can handle 100+ services per gateway
315		- Connections: Can handle 100+ simultaneous P2P connections
316		- Peers: Each service can connect to multiple peers
317
318		## Error Handling
319
320		### Connection Errors
321
322		```javascript
323		connection.on('error', (err) => {
324		console.error('Connection error:', err.message)
325		stats.errors++
326		// Connection automatically closed by Hyperswarm
327		})
328		```
329
330		### Topic Join Errors
331
332		```javascript
333		try {
334		await router.joinService(service)
335		} catch (error) {
336		console.error(`Failed to join ${service.name}:`, error.message)
337		// Service remains in registry but not discoverable
338		}
339		```
340
341		### Packet Forward Errors
342
343		```javascript
344		// If no connections available
345		if (topicInfo.connections.size === 0) {
346		console.log(`No active connections for ${service.name}`)
347		return false // Packet dropped
348		}
349		```
350
351		## Debugging
352
353		### Enable Hyperswarm Debug Logging
354
355		```bash
356		# Set environment variable
357		export DEBUG=hyperswarm
358
359		# Run gateway
360		sudo bare gateway.js
361		```
362
363		### Monitor Connections
364
365		```bash
366		# View gateway logs
367		sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -f
368
369		# Look for:
370		# - "📡 New P2P connection"
371		# - "📡 P2P connection closed"
372		# - "📦 Packet:" messages
373		```
374
375		### Test P2P Connectivity
376
377		```bash
378		# From another machine (once both have gateway running)
379		ping 10.22.0.10 # Should route via P2P
	207	await hyperswarmRouter.joinNetwork()
380	208	```
381	209
382	210	## Limitations
383	211
384		### Current Implementation
385
386		1. Broadcast Forwarding: Packets sent to all peers for a service
387		- Future: Track which peer handles which source IP
388
389		2. No Connection Pooling: Each connection is independent
390		- Future: Pool connections and load balance
391
392		3. No QoS: All packets treated equally
393		- Future: Priority queues for latency-sensitive traffic
394
395		4. No Fragmentation: Large packets may be dropped
396		- Mitigated by MTU configuration (default 1500)
	212	- No source-IP / peer-identity authentication. Any peer on the
	213	topic can claim any IP and inject any packet. Acceptable inside a
	214	trusted topic boundary, not as an internet-facing primitive.
	215	- No reconnect logic. Hyperswarm gives connection events; the
	216	router doesn't track lost peers or schedule retries beyond what
	217	Hyperswarm does on its own.
	218	- Multipath is naive. `forwardToP2P` writes to every connection
	219	in the matching set — there's no dedup or active-peer selection.
	220	- No QoS / fragmentation. Single MTU, single queue.
397	221
398	222	## Testing
399	223
400		### Unit Tests
401
402	224	```bash
403		# Test router initialization and topic joining
404		bare test/test-hyperswarm-router.js
	225	bare test/test-p2p-loopback.js # in-process loopback harness
	226	bare test/manual-test.js # GatewayIdentity smoke
	227	bare test/unit/gateway-identity.test.js
405	228	```
406	229
407		### Integration Tests
408
409		```bash
410		# Run full gateway with router
411		sudo bare gateway.js --config config/gateway-config.json
412
413		# From another terminal/machine:
414		ping 10.22.0.10
415		git clone git://10.22.0.10/repo.git
416		```
417
418		## Future Enhancements
419
420		1. Smart Routing
421		- Track source IP → peer connection mapping
422		- Route responses back to correct peer
423
424		2. Connection Multiplexing
425		- Use Protomux for multiple streams per connection
426		- Reduce connection overhead
427
428		3. NAT Traversal
429		- Hyperswarm handles most cases
430		- Could add TURN relay for difficult NATs
431
432		4. Peer Authentication
433		- Integrate hyperident signatures
434		- Verify peer identity before accepting connections
435
436		5. Quality of Service
437		- Priority queues for different traffic types
438		- Bandwidth limiting per service
439
440		6. Load Balancing
441		- Distribute requests across multiple peers
442		- Health checking and failover
443
444		## Summary
445
446		The HyperswarmRouter completes the hyperident-gateway system by:
447
448		✅ Joining Hyperswarm topics for each service
449		✅ Accepting and initiating P2P connections
450		✅ Routing packets bidirectionally between TUN and P2P
451		✅ Tracking connections and statistics
452		✅ Graceful shutdown and cleanup
453
454		The implementation is production-ready and enables local services to be accessed globally via deterministic virtual IPs over the P2P network!
455
456		---
457
458		Status: ✅ Complete and integrated
459		Version: 0.1.0
	230	Real two-machine validation requires running the gateway on both
	231	ends with the same `networkTopic` string and disjoint `virtualIP`s.

docs/IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md +113 -466

…	…	@@ -1,473 +1,120 @@
1		# Hyperident Gateway - Implementation Complete! 🎉
	1	# Implementation Status
2	2
3		## Summary
4
5		The hyperident-gateway is now fully implemented and ready for deployment! This P2P gateway bridges local services to the global Hyperswarm network using deterministic identity-based addressing.
6
7		## What We Built
8
9		### Core Components ✅
10
11		1. GatewayIdentity (`lib/gateway-identity.js`)
12		- Hyperident profile integration
13		- Deterministic topic derivation
14		- Virtual IP assignment (hash-based, deterministic)
15		- Service registry management
16		- Static IP mapping support
17
18		2. ServiceRegistry (`lib/service-registry.js`)
19		- Service registration and lookup
20		- Statistics aggregation
21		- Health monitoring hooks
22
23		3. UTUNManager (`lib/utun-manager.js`)
24		- TUN virtual network interface creation
25		- IPv4 packet parsing
26		- Packet read/write operations
27		- Integration with GatewayIdentity
28		- Statistics tracking
29
30		4. HyperswarmRouter (`lib/hyperswarm-router.js`)
31		- Hyperswarm topic management
32		- P2P connection handling (incoming and outgoing)
33		- Bidirectional packet routing (TUN ↔ P2P)
34		- Connection lifecycle management
35		- Statistics and monitoring
36
37		### Gateway Entry Point ✅
38
39		5. gateway.js
40		- Command-line interface
41		- Configuration loading
42		- Component initialization and integration
43		- Graceful shutdown handling
44		- Periodic statistics logging
45
46		### Production Infrastructure ✅
47
48		6. systemd Service Integration
49		- `systemd/hyperident-gateway.service` - Unit file
50		- `install-service.sh` - Automated installer
51		- Runs as root with proper capabilities
52		- Auto-restart on failure
53		- Journal logging
54
55		### Documentation ✅
56
57		7. Complete Documentation Suite
58		- `README.md` - Quick start and overview
59		- `SETUP.md` - Detailed setup instructions
60		- `ARCHITECTURE.md` - System design
61		- `docs/UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md` - UTUN component details
62		- `docs/HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md` - Router implementation
63		- `docs/IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md` - This document
64
65		### Testing ✅
66
67		8. Test Suite
68		- `test/manual-test.js` - GatewayIdentity integration tests
69		- `test/test-utun.js` - UTUN device tests
70		- Validates all core functionality
71
72		## System Architecture
73
74		```
75		┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
76		│ Local Application │
77		│ (git, postgres, web server, etc.) │
78		└────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
79		│ connects to virtual IP (10.22.0.x)
80		↓
81		┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
82		│ TUN Device (tun0) │
83		│ IP: 10.22.0.1/16 │
84		│ Captures all packets to 10.22.0.0/16 │
85		└────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
86		│ IP packets
87		↓
88		┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
89		│ UTUNManager │
90		│ • Reads packets from TUN │
91		│ • Parses IPv4 headers (src, dst, protocol) │
92		│ • Looks up service by destination IP │
93		│ • Writes packets to TUN │
94		└────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
95		│ parsed packet + service info
96		↓
97		┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
98		│ GatewayIdentity │
99		│ • Maps virtual IPs → services │
100		│ • Profile → Topic derivation │
101		│ • Topic → IP assignment (deterministic) │
102		│ • Service registry │
103		└────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
104		│ service lookup
105		↓
106		┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
107		│ HyperswarmRouter │
108		│ • Joins Hyperswarm topics │
109		│ • Manages P2P connections │
110		│ • Routes packets: TUN → P2P │
111		│ • Routes packets: P2P → TUN │
112		└────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
113		│ encrypted P2P streams
114		↓
115		┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
116		│ Hyperswarm P2P Network │
117		│ • DHT-based peer discovery │
118		│ • Noise protocol encryption │
119		│ • NAT traversal (hole punching) │
120		│ • Global connectivity │
121		└────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
122		│ internet
123		↓
124		┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
125		│ Remote Peers │
126		│ (other gateways anywhere in the world) │
127		└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
128		```
129
130		## How It Works
131
132		### Service Registration
133
134		1. Configure services in `config/gateway-config.json`
135		2. Each service gets:
136		- A virtual IP (deterministic from profile or static)
137		- A Hyperswarm topic (32-byte hash)
138		- Port and transport info
139
140		### Outgoing Connection Flow
141
142		```
143		Local App → 10.22.0.10:9418
144		↓
145		TUN captures packet
146		↓
147		UTUNManager parses: dst=10.22.0.10
148		↓
149		GatewayIdentity lookup: git-daemon service
150		↓
151		HyperswarmRouter: forward to peers on topic
152		↓
153		Hyperswarm: encrypt and send to remote peers
154		↓
155		Remote peer receives packet
156		```
157
158		### Incoming Connection Flow
159
160		```
161		Remote peer sends packet
162		↓
163		Hyperswarm: decrypt and deliver
164		↓
165		HyperswarmRouter: receive from P2P
166		↓
167		UTUNManager: write to TUN
168		↓
169		TUN injects packet into kernel
170		↓
171		Kernel routes to local app
172		↓
173		Local app receives as normal network traffic
174		```
175
176		## Key Features
177
178		### Deterministic Addressing
179
180		Same identity → Same virtual IP (always!)
181
182		```javascript
183		// Profile "git-daemon" always gets the same IP
184		Topic: 31fa0ee18d3c4e02f007dbb47009dcad...
185		IP: 10.22.7.11
186
187		// Profile "fedicore" always gets the same IP
188		Topic: 78ac8809ecb0455645ee55a218bb2f3d...
189		IP: 10.22.11.230
190		```
191
192		### Zero-Configuration P2P
193
194		No need to configure NAT, firewalls, or port forwarding:
195		- Hyperswarm handles DHT peer discovery
196		- Automatic NAT traversal via hole punching
197		- Works behind most firewalls
198
199		### End-to-End Encryption
200
201		- All P2P connections use Noise protocol
202		- Encryption handled by Hyperswarm
203		- No intermediaries can read traffic
204
205		### Production-Ready Deployment
206
207		- systemd service with auto-restart
208		- Proper logging via journald
209		- Graceful shutdown handling
210		- Statistics monitoring
211
212		## Installation and Usage
213
214		### Quick Start
215
216		```bash
217		# 1. Install dependencies
218		cd /home/fleeky/projects/hyperident-gateway
219		npm install
220
221		# 2. Install as systemd service
222		sudo ./install-service.sh
223
224		# 3. Configure services
225		nano config/gateway-config.json
226
227		# 4. Start the gateway
228		sudo systemctl start hyperident-gateway
229
230		# 5. Check status
231		sudo systemctl status hyperident-gateway
	3	> This document used to be titled "🎉 Implementation Complete" and
	4	> claimed production-ready, end-to-end-tested status. That was
	5	> aspirational — and contradicted by the very next checkbox
	6	> ("End-to-end testing (next)"). The honest status is below.
232	7
233		# 6. View logs
234		sudo journalctl -u hyperident-gateway -f
235		```
	8	## Summary
236	9
237		### Configuration Example
	10	`hyperident-gateway` is alpha. The single-topic P2P VPN works
	11	in lab loopback tests; there has been no end-to-end production
	12	validation since the last code change on 2026-01-17. No commits
	13	in 4+ months as of 2026-05-03.
	14
	15	The architecture also pivoted late in the initial build: the
	16	original per-service-topic + service-registry + nginx design was
	17	removed in commit `f13919a`, replaced with the current single-topic
	18	P2P-VPN. Older docs in this directory still reflect the
	19	pre-refactor design — be skeptical of any doc that mentions
	20	"`joinService()`", "per-service topic", "static IP mappings", or
	21	"`ServiceRegistry`".
	22
	23	## What works (confirmed by code reading + lab tests)
	24
	25	\| Component \| Status \| Notes \|
	26	\|---\|---\|---\|
	27	\| TUN device create/configure \| ✅ \| `lib/utun-manager.js`. IPv4 parse + subnet filter. \|
	28	\| Single-topic Hyperswarm join \| ✅ \| `lib/hyperswarm-router.js`. Topic = hash(`networkTopic`). \|
	29	\| ANNOUNCE/PACKET protocol \| ✅ \| One-byte type, JSON for ANNOUNCE, raw bytes for PACKET. \|
	30	\| Routing-table builds from announcements \| ✅ \| `Map<ip, Set<connection>>`, multipath writes. \|
	31	\| Bidirectional packet flow (TUN ↔ peer) \| ✅ in lab \| `test/test-p2p-loopback.js`. \|
	32	\| Graceful shutdown on SIGINT/SIGTERM \| ✅ \| `gateway.js` shutdown handler. \|
	33	\| 60s stats log \| ✅ \| TUN + router counters combined. \|
	34	\| systemd unit via `install-service.sh` \| ✅ \| Generates unit with current paths; runs as root + `CAP_NET_ADMIN`. \|
	35	\| Capability-based bare permission \| ✅ \| `setup-capabilities.sh`. \|
	36
	37	## What's incomplete or aspirational
	38
	39	\| Claim in older docs \| Reality \|
	40	\|---\|---\|
	41	\| `ServiceRegistry`, per-service Hyperswarm topics, static IP mappings \| Removed in commit `f13919a`. `lib/service-registry.js` exists but is dead code (never imported by `gateway.js`). \|
	42	\| Hyperident profile integration (`gatewayIdentity.deriveServiceTopic`, `loadProfiles`, `registerService`) \| Methods exist in `lib/gateway-identity.js` but no caller invokes them in the current `gateway.js` control flow. The gateway is effectively decoupled from the hyperident CLI. \|
	43	\| `package.json` dependency on hyperident \| None. The gateway only reads `~/.hyperident/profiles.json` directly via `bare-fs`, and that read is on the dead path above. \|
	44	\| End-to-end production deployment \| No commits since 2026-01-17. Two-machine production validation was queued and not confirmed. \|
	45	\| Performance numbers (10-100 Mbps, ~20-100ms latency) \| Estimates from upstream Hyperswarm characteristics; not benchmarked for this gateway. \|
	46	\| nginx integration \| Was part of the abandoned design. Current code path doesn't touch nginx. \|
	47	\| Smart per-source-IP routing, connection pooling, QoS, IPv6 \| Not implemented. \|
	48	\| User=non-root + ambient capabilities in systemd \| Currently `User=root` in the install-script-generated unit. The capability-only variant is the recommended pattern but not yet implemented in the script. \|
	49
	50	## Component → file map (current)
238	51
239		```json
240		{
241		"gateway": {
242		"virtualIP": "10.22.0.1",
243		"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
244		"tunDevice": "tun0"
245		},
246		"staticMappings": {
247		"git-daemon": "10.22.0.10",
248		"fedicore": "10.22.0.5"
249		},
250		"services": [
251		{
252		"name": "git-daemon",
253		"profile": "git-daemon",
254		"port": 9418,
255		"transport": "tcp",
256		"enabled": true
257		},
258		{
259		"name": "fedicore",
260		"profile": "fedicore",
261		"port": 8080,
262		"transport": "tcp",
263		"enabled": true
264		}
265		]
266		}
267	52	```
268
269		### Usage Example
270
271		```bash
272		# On gateway machine: Start git daemon
273		git daemon --base-path=/home/fleeky/git-repos --port=9418
274
275		# From ANY machine (with gateway running):
276		git clone git://10.22.0.10/myrepo.git
	53	gateway.js Entry. Bare shebang. ~200 LOC.
	54	lib/hyperswarm-router.js Active. ~415 LOC.
	55	lib/utun-manager.js Active. ~360 LOC.
	56	lib/gateway-identity.js getOwnedIPs() active; rest dead.
	57	lib/service-registry.js DEAD. Slated for removal.
	58	test/manual-test.js
	59	test/test-utun.js
	60	test/test-p2p-loopback.js
	61	test/unit/gateway-identity.test.js
	62	config/gateway-config.example.json
	63	install-service.sh
	64	setup-capabilities.sh
	65	systemd/hyperident-gateway.service Stale template — install-service.sh
	66	is the source of truth.
	67	docs/ARCHITECTURE.md
	68	docs/HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md
	69	docs/UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md
	70	docs/IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md (this file)
277	71	```
278	72
279		The clone request:
280		1. Gets routed to TUN device (10.22.0.10)
281		2. Forwarded to Hyperswarm peers
282		3. Reaches the gateway running git daemon
283		4. Git daemon serves the repository
284		5. Response flows back via P2P → TUN → application
285
286		## Technical Achievements
287
288		### Performance
289
290		- Latency: ~20-100ms for established connections (similar to VPN)
291		- Throughput: 10-100 Mbps per connection (network-limited)
292		- Scalability: Supports 100+ services, 100+ simultaneous connections
293
294		### Reliability
295
296		- Auto-reconnect: Hyperswarm automatically reconnects dropped peers
297		- Graceful degradation: Services continue working even if some peers offline
298		- Error recovery: Comprehensive error handling at all layers
299
300		### Security
301
302		- Encrypted: All P2P traffic uses Noise protocol (ChaCha20-Poly1305)
303		- Isolated: Services only accessible via virtual IPs (not exposed to internet)
304		- Minimal privilege: Runs as root only for TUN device creation
305
306		## Development Journey
307
308		### Phase 1: Foundation ✅
309		- Designed architecture
310		- Created project structure
311		- Implemented GatewayIdentity
312		- Implemented ServiceRegistry
313
314		### Phase 2: Network Layer ✅
315		- Converted to Bare runtime
316		- Implemented UTUNManager
317		- Created TUN device management
318		- IPv4 packet parsing
319
320		### Phase 3: Production Infrastructure ✅
321		- systemd service integration
322		- Installation automation
323		- Comprehensive documentation
324
325		### Phase 4: P2P Integration ✅
326		- Implemented HyperswarmRouter
327		- Topic management
328		- Bidirectional packet routing
329		- Connection lifecycle
330
331		## Testing Status
332
333		### Unit Tests ✅
334		- GatewayIdentity: Full coverage
335		- ServiceRegistry: Full coverage
336		- UTUNManager: Validated packet parsing
337
338		### Integration Tests ⏳
339		- TUN device creation: Requires sudo (blocked in automation)
340		- Full gateway: Requires two machines for end-to-end test
341
342		### Manual Testing ✅
343		- Component initialization: Working
344		- Service registration: Working
345		- Topic derivation: Working
346		- IP assignment: Working (deterministic confirmed)
347
348		## Known Limitations
349
350		1. Requires Root: TUN device creation needs root privileges
351		- Mitigated by systemd service approach
352		- Alternative: Linux capabilities (documented but complex)
353
354		2. Single Gateway Per Machine: TUN device name conflicts
355		- Could be extended to support multiple gateways with different device names
356
357		3. IPv4 Only: Currently only handles IPv4 packets
358		- IPv6 support could be added by extending packet parser
359
360		4. Broadcast Forwarding: Packets sent to all peers for a service
361		- Future: Smart routing based on source IP tracking
362
363		## Future Enhancements
364
365		### Short Term
366		1. End-to-End Testing: Two-machine P2P connectivity test
367		2. Performance Benchmarking: Measure latency and throughput
368		3. Load Testing: Verify scalability claims
369
370		### Medium Term
371		1. Smart Routing: Track source IP → peer mapping
372		2. Connection Pooling: Reuse connections efficiently
373		3. QoS Support: Priority queues for latency-sensitive traffic
374
375		### Long Term
376		1. IPv6 Support: Handle IPv6 packets
377		2. Peer Authentication: Integrate hyperident signatures
378		3. Multi-Gateway: Support multiple gateways per machine
379		4. Web UI: Browser-based monitoring and configuration
380
381		## Files Summary
382
383		### Implementation Files (1,500+ lines)
384		- `lib/gateway-identity.js` (200 lines)
385		- `lib/service-registry.js` (80 lines)
386		- `lib/utun-manager.js` (350 lines)
387		- `lib/hyperswarm-router.js` (350 lines)
388		- `gateway.js` (250 lines)
389
390		### Infrastructure Files
391		- `install-service.sh` (120 lines)
392		- `setup-capabilities.sh` (105 lines)
393		- `systemd/hyperident-gateway.service` (40 lines)
394
395		### Configuration Files
396		- `config/gateway-config.example.json`
397		- `package.json`
398
399		### Documentation Files (2,000+ lines)
400		- `README.md`
401		- `SETUP.md`
402		- `ARCHITECTURE.md`
403		- `docs/UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md`
404		- `docs/HYPERSWARM_ROUTER.md`
405		- `docs/IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md` (this file)
406
407		### Test Files (600+ lines)
408		- `test/manual-test.js` (300 lines)
409		- `test/test-utun.js` (180 lines)
410		- `test/unit/gateway-identity.test.js` (400 lines)
411
412		Total: ~4,500 lines of code and documentation!
413
414		## Deployment Checklist
415
416		- [x] Install Bare runtime
417		- [x] Install project dependencies
418		- [x] Run systemd installer
419		- [ ] Configure services in config/gateway-config.json
420		- [ ] Start systemd service
421		- [ ] Verify TUN device created
422		- [ ] Verify Hyperswarm topics joined
423		- [ ] Test service connectivity
424		- [ ] Enable auto-start on boot
425
426		## Success Criteria
427
428		### Must Have ✅
429		- [x] TUN device creation
430		- [x] Virtual IP assignment
431		- [x] Service registration
432		- [x] Hyperswarm topic joining
433		- [x] P2P connection handling
434		- [x] Bidirectional packet routing
435		- [x] systemd integration
436
437		### Should Have ✅
438		- [x] Graceful shutdown
439		- [x] Error handling
440		- [x] Statistics tracking
441		- [x] Comprehensive documentation
442
443		### Nice to Have ⏳
444		- [ ] End-to-end automated testing
445		- [ ] Performance benchmarks
446		- [ ] Web UI for monitoring
447
448		## Conclusion
449
450		The hyperident-gateway is production-ready for deployment! 🚀
451
452		All core functionality is implemented and tested:
453		- ✅ Virtual network interface (TUN)
454		- ✅ Deterministic IP addressing
455		- ✅ P2P connectivity (Hyperswarm)
456		- ✅ Bidirectional packet routing
457		- ✅ Service management
458		- ✅ Production deployment (systemd)
459		- ✅ Comprehensive documentation
460
461		The gateway enables local services to be accessed globally via P2P networking with deterministic virtual IPs, making it ideal for:
462		- Distributed development (git repositories)
463		- P2P applications (fedicore social network)
464		- Secure remote access (databases, services)
465		- Decentralized infrastructure
466
467		---
468
469		Project Status: ✅ IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETE
470		Version: 0.1.0
471		Date: 2026-01-17
472
473		Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
	73	## What needs to happen before "complete"
	74
	75	1. Decide on dead code. Either rip out
	76	`lib/service-registry.js` and the `loadProfiles` /
	77	`registerService` / `deriveServiceTopic` chain in
	78	`gateway-identity.js`, or wire them up to a real consumer (e.g.
	79	`packages/hyper-identity`). Status quo is worst-of-both-worlds.
	80	2. End-to-end two-machine test under realistic NAT/peer-churn.
	81	Not "ping works on a LAN" — sustained connectivity, peer
	82	reconnect, peer drop, multipath failover.
	83	3. Single systemd unit source of truth. Either delete the
	84	in-tree template or make it identical to what `install-service.sh`
	85	generates (including resolved bare path).
	86	4. User+capability systemd variant. Per
	87	`.claude/rules/06-deployment.md`, prefer regular user +
	88	`AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN` over `User=root`.
	89	5. Authentication on announcements if this is ever to be used
	90	beyond a small trusted topic boundary. Currently any peer on the
	91	topic can claim any virtual IP and intercept its traffic.
	92
	93	## Build statistics (current code, not aspirational)
	94
	95	\| File \| LOC (approx) \|
	96	\|---\|---\|
	97	\| `gateway.js` \| ~200 \|
	98	\| `lib/hyperswarm-router.js` \| ~415 \|
	99	\| `lib/utun-manager.js` \| ~360 \|
	100	\| `lib/gateway-identity.js` \| ~200 \|
	101	\| `lib/service-registry.js` (dead) \| ~80 \|
	102	\| `install-service.sh` \| ~140 \|
	103	\| `setup-capabilities.sh` \| ~100 \|
	104	\| `test/*` \| ~600 \|
	105
	106	## Honest deployment checklist
	107
	108	- [x] Bare runtime installed (`npm install -g bare-runtime`).
	109	- [x] Project dependencies installed.
	110	- [x] `setup-capabilities.sh` granted `CAP_NET_ADMIN` to bare, OR
	111	`install-service.sh` ran for systemd ambient cap.
	112	- [x] Config file at `config/gateway-config.json` with
	113	`subnet`, `virtualIP`, `networkTopic`.
	114	- [ ] Service started and stayed up across a real workday.
	115	- [ ] Two machines, same `networkTopic`, sustained connectivity.
	116	- [ ] Reconnect after peer drop.
	117	- [ ] Multipath validated (two peers announce same IP).
	118
	119	The first four are routinely true. The last four were planned for
	120	"next" in January 2026 and have not been confirmed since.

docs/UTUN_IMPLEMENTATION.md +157 -192

…	…	@@ -1,250 +1,215 @@
1		# UTUNManager Implementation Summary
	1	# UTUNManager
2	2
3		## Overview
	3	Wraps the `utun` Bare module to give a TUN virtual network interface
	4	with IPv4 packet parsing, subnet filtering, and async/sync write
	5	paths.
4	6
5		Successfully implemented the UTUNManager class for creating and managing TUN virtual network interfaces in the hyperident-gateway project.
	7	## Position in the stack
6	8
7		## Implementation Details
8
9		### Files Created
10
11		1. lib/utun-manager.js (350 lines)
12		- Core UTUNManager class
13		- TUN device creation and configuration
14		- IP packet parsing
15		- Packet read/write handling
16		- Integration with GatewayIdentity
17
18		2. test/test-utun.js (180 lines)
19		- Comprehensive test suite
20		- Tests device creation, packet parsing, statistics
21		- Requires root/sudo privileges
22
23		### UTUNManager Features
24
25		#### Core Functionality
26
27		Device Management:
28		- `open()` - Create and configure TUN device
29		- `configure()` - Set IP address, netmask, and routing
30		- `close()` - Graceful shutdown
31		- `getStats()` - Get device and manager statistics
32
33		Packet Handling:
34		- `_handleIncomingPacket(packet)` - Process packets from TUN interface
35		- `writePacket(packet)` - Async write to TUN (with backpressure)
36		- `tryWritePacket(packet)` - Sync write to TUN (may drop)
37		- `_parseIPPacket(buffer)` - Parse IPv4 headers
38
39		Utility:
40		- `UTUNManager.buildIPv4Packet(options)` - Static method to build test packets
41
42		#### Integration with GatewayIdentity
	9	```
	10	Local app
	11	│
	12	▼
	13	Kernel TUN device (tun0, 10.22.0.1/16)
	14	│
	15	▼ raw IPv4 bytes
	16	UTUNManager._handleIncomingPacket
	17	│
	18	▼ onPacketReceived({packet, ipPacket, destIP})
	19	HyperswarmRouter.forwardToP2P
	20	```
43	21
44		The UTUNManager integrates seamlessly with GatewayIdentity:
	22	## Constructor
45	23
46	24	```javascript
47		const identity = new GatewayIdentity({
48		subnet: '10.22.0.0/16'
49		})
50
51		const utunManager = new UTUNManager({
52		gatewayIP: '10.22.0.1',
53		subnet: '10.22.0.0/16',
54		gatewayIdentity: identity,
55		onPacketReceived: (data) => {
56		// data.packet - raw packet buffer
57		// data.ipPacket - parsed IP header
58		// data.service - registered service info
59		console.log(`Packet for ${data.service.name}`)
60		}
	25	new UTUNManager({
	26	deviceName = 'tun0',
	27	gatewayIP = '10.22.0.1',
	28	subnet = '10.22.0.0/16',
	29	netmask = '255.255.0.0',
	30	mtu = 1500,
	31	gatewayIdentity, // not used in current packet path,
	32	// kept for future extensibility
	33	onPacketReceived = noop,
	34	onError(err) = console.error
61	35	})
62	36	```
63	37
64		When a packet arrives at the TUN interface:
65		1. UTUNManager parses the IPv4 header
66		2. Extracts destination IP
67		3. Looks up service in GatewayIdentity registry
68		4. Calls `onPacketReceived` callback if service found
69		5. Drops packet if no service registered
	38	## Lifecycle
70	39
71		#### IPv4 Packet Parsing
	40	```javascript
	41	await utun.open() // new UTUN({mtu}); wires data handler;
	42	// calls configure({ip, netmask}).
	43	// Sets isRunning=true. Logs name/IP/MTU.
	44	await utun.close() // tun.close(cb) wrapped in a Promise.
	45	// Clears tun reference.
	46	```
72	47
73		Extracts standard IPv4 header fields:
74		- version - IP version (4)
75		- headerLength - Header length in bytes
76		- totalLength - Total packet size
77		- protocol - Transport protocol (6=TCP, 17=UDP)
78		- srcIP - Source IP address (e.g., "10.22.0.100")
79		- dstIP - Destination IP address
80		- payload - Packet payload after IP header
	48	The `utun` package handles platform differences:
81	49
82		#### Statistics Tracking
	50	- Linux: standard TUN/TAP driver via `linux/if_tun.h`. Requires
	51	`CAP_NET_ADMIN` (sudo, setcap, or systemd ambient cap).
	52	- macOS: kernel control socket via `sys/kern_control.h`.
83	53
84		The manager tracks comprehensive statistics:
	54	The wrapped API is the same on both:
85	55
86	56	```javascript
87		{
88		packetsReceived: 0,
89		packetsSent: 0,
90		bytesReceived: 0,
91		bytesSent: 0,
92		packetsDropped: 0,
93		errors: 0,
94		tun: {
95		name: 'tun0',
96		rxPackets: 0,
97		txPackets: 0,
98		rxBytes: 0,
99		txBytes: 0,
100		rxDrop: 0,
101		txRejected: 0
102		},
103		isRunning: true
104		}
	57	const tun = new UTUN({ mtu })
	58	await tun.configure({ ip, netmask })
	59	tun.on('data', (packet) => { … })
	60	await tun.write(packet) // async
	61	tun.tryWrite(packet) // sync, may drop
	62	const info = tun.info() // { name, … }
	63	tun.close(cb)
105	64	```
106	65
107		## Test Results
	66	## Inbound packet path
108	67
109		### What Works ✅
110
111		1. Bare Runtime Conversion: Successfully converted from Node.js to Bare
112		- Replaced `fs/promises` with `bare-fs/promises`
113		- Replaced `path` with `bare-path`
114		- Replaced `os` with `bare-os`
	68	```javascript
	69	_handleIncomingPacket(packet) {
	70	this.stats.packetsReceived++
	71	this.stats.bytesReceived += packet.length
115	72
116		2. GatewayIdentity Integration: Works perfectly
117		- Service registration
118		- IP lookup
119		- Static IP mappings
	73	const ipPacket = this._parseIPPacket(packet)
	74	if (!ipPacket) { this.stats.packetsDropped++; return }
120	75
121		3. UTUNManager Initialization: All pre-device-creation code works
122		- Configuration parsing
123		- Callback setup
124		- Stats initialization
	76	if (!this._isInSubnet(ipPacket.dstIP)) {
	77	// outside our subnet — drop
	78	this.stats.packetsDropped++
	79	return
	80	}
125	81
126		4. IPv4 Packet Parsing: Fully functional
127		- Successfully parses test packets
128		- Extracts all header fields correctly
129		- Validates packet structure
	82	this.onPacketReceived({ packet, ipPacket, destIP: ipPacket.dstIP })
	83	}
	84	```
130	85
131		5. Packet Building: Test utility works
132		- `buildIPv4Packet()` creates valid IPv4 packets
133		- Calculates checksums correctly
	86	`onPacketReceived` is wired by `gateway.js` to call
	87	`hyperswarmRouter.forwardToP2P(packet, destIP)`. The router then
	88	looks up the destination in its routing table and writes the
	89	packet to matching peer connections.
134	90
135		### Permission Requirements ⚠️
	91	> Older docs claimed this path "looks up service in
	92	> `GatewayIdentity` registry". That code path was removed when the
	93	> per-service-topic design was scrapped (commit `f13919a`).
	94	> `onPacketReceived` now passes the destination IP directly — there
	95	> is no service-keyed lookup.
136	96
137		Creating TUN devices on Linux requires root/sudo privileges.
	97	## Write path
138	98
139		Error without sudo:
140		```
141		ioctl TUNSETIFF: Operation not permitted
	99	```javascript
	100	await utun.writePacket(buf) // returns kernel-accepted byte count
	101	utun.tryWritePacket(buf) // sync; returns false if queue full
142	102	```
143	103
144		This is expected Linux security behavior for network device creation.
	104	`writePacket` is what the router calls when a peer sends an inbound
	105	packet. `tryWritePacket` is available for paths that prefer dropping
	106	to backpressure but isn't currently used in the gateway control
	107	flow.
145	108
146		### Running the Test
	109	## IPv4 parsing
147	110
148		```bash
149		# Will fail with permission error (expected)
150		bare test/test-utun.js
	111	`_parseIPPacket(buffer)` returns:
151	112
152		# Requires sudo (currently blocked by password prompt)
153		sudo bare test/test-utun.js
	113	```javascript
	114	{
	115	version, // must be 4
	116	headerLength, // bytes
	117	totalLength,
	118	protocol, // 6 = TCP, 17 = UDP, etc.
	119	srcIP, // dotted-quad string
	120	dstIP, // dotted-quad string
	121	payload, // Buffer slice after IP header
	122	raw: buffer
	123	}
154	124	```
155	125
156		## Code Quality
	126	Returns `null` for non-IPv4 packets, headers shorter than 20 bytes,
	127	or buffers shorter than the declared header length. IPv6 is not
	128	handled (treated as drop).
157	129
158		### Architecture Strengths
	130	## Subnet filtering
159	131
160		1. Clean Separation: UTUNManager focuses solely on TUN device management
161		2. Event-Driven: Uses callbacks for packet handling (follows Bare conventions)
162		3. Error Handling: Comprehensive error catching and reporting
163		4. Statistics: Detailed metrics for monitoring
164		5. Integration: Seamless GatewayIdentity integration via dependency injection
	132	`_isInSubnet(ip)` does an octet-prefix check based on the configured
	133	`subnet`. Supports `/8`, `/16`, `/24`. For non-canonical prefixes the
	134	comparison falls through to "match" — fine for the default
	135	`10.22.0.0/16`, sloppy if you change to a non-aligned prefix. Callers
	136	of `UTUNManager` shouldn't rely on it for strict CIDR semantics.
165	137
166		### Design Patterns Used
	138	## Statistics
167	139
168		- Dependency Injection: GatewayIdentity passed as constructor param
169		- Observer Pattern: `onPacketReceived`, `onError` callbacks
170		- Factory Pattern: Static `buildIPv4Packet()` method
171		- State Management: `isRunning` flag and lifecycle methods
172
173		## Next Steps
	140	```javascript
	141	utun.getStats()
	142	// →
	143	{
	144	packetsReceived,
	145	packetsSent,
	146	bytesReceived,
	147	bytesSent,
	148	packetsDropped,
	149	errors,
	150	tun: { name, … }, // result of tun.info()
	151	isRunning
	152	}
	153	```
174	154
175		### Immediate Tasks
	155	`gateway.js` combines this with `HyperswarmRouter.getStats()` in its
	156	60s status log.
176	157
177		1. Run test with sudo - Validate full TUN device creation
178		2. Test real packet forwarding - Send actual network traffic through TUN
	158	## Static helper
179	159
180		### Implementation Roadmap
	160	`UTUNManager.buildIPv4Packet({ srcIP, dstIP, protocol, payload })`
	161	constructs a valid IPv4 packet (header + checksum) for tests. Used
	162	by `test/test-utun.js` and `test/test-p2p-loopback.js`.
181	163
182		1. HyperswarmRouter - P2P packet routing
183		- Connect to Hyperswarm topics
184		- Forward packets to/from peers
185		- Handle connection lifecycle
	164	## Permission requirements
186	165
187		2. Gateway Integration - Main entry point
188		- Command-line interface
189		- Service configuration loader
190		- Graceful shutdown handling
	166	TUN device creation needs `CAP_NET_ADMIN` on Linux. Three paths:
191	167
192		3. End-to-End Testing
193		- Register git-daemon service
194		- Clone repo via P2P gateway
195		- Measure performance
	168	```bash
	169	# 1. Capability on bare (recommended for dev)
	170	./setup-capabilities.sh
	171	getcap $(which bare) # cap_net_admin+ep
	172	bare gateway.js # no sudo
196	173
197		## Technical Notes
	174	# 2. sudo
	175	sudo bare gateway.js
198	176
199		### TUN vs TAP
	177	# 3. systemd ambient capability (production)
	178	# install-service.sh writes a unit with AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN
	179	sudo systemctl start hyperident-gateway
	180	```
200	181
201		This implementation uses TUN (Layer 3) not TAP (Layer 2):
202		- TUN operates at IP layer
203		- Receives IPv4/IPv6 packets
204		- No Ethernet headers
205		- Perfect for IP routing use case
	182	Without one of these, `tun.configure()` fails with `ioctl
	183	TUNSETIFF: Operation not permitted` — expected Linux security
	184	behavior.
206	185
207		### Linux TUN Device
	186	## Testing
208	187
209		On Linux, TUN devices:
210		- Located at `/dev/net/tun`
211		- Require `CAP_NET_ADMIN` capability or root
212		- Configured via `ioctl(TUNSETIFF)`
213		- Use IFF_TUN \| IFF_NO_PI flags (no packet info)
	188	```bash
	189	# Permission-required:
	190	sudo bare test/test-utun.js # device create, configure, parse, I/O
	191	# bare without sudo if setup-capabilities was run.
214	192
215		### macOS vs Linux
	193	# In-process loopback (no real TUN required):
	194	bare test/test-p2p-loopback.js
	195	```
216	196
217		The UTUN package handles platform differences:
218		- macOS: Uses kernel control socket API (`sys/kern_control.h`)
219		- Linux: Uses standard TUN/TAP driver (`linux/if_tun.h`)
	197	## File layout
220	198
221		Both platforms unified under single UTUN API.
	199	```
	200	lib/utun-manager.js ~360 LOC. The class.
	201	test/test-utun.js Direct exercise of TUN device + parse + write paths.
	202	```
222	203
223	204	## Dependencies
224	205
225		All dependencies successfully installed via Bare:
226
227	206	```json
228	207	{
229		"utun": "^2.1.0",
230		"hypercore-crypto": "^3.4.0",
231		"hyperswarm": "^4.12.1",
232		"bare-fs": "^4.5.2",
233		"bare-path": "^3.0.0"
	208	"utun": "^2.1.0",
	209	"bare-fs": "^4.5.2",
	210	"bare-path": "^3.0.0"
234	211	}
235	212	```
236	213
237		## Conclusion
238
239		The UTUNManager implementation is complete and functional. The code successfully:
240		- Creates TUN device objects
241		- Parses IP packets
242		- Integrates with GatewayIdentity
243		- Tracks statistics
244		- Handles errors gracefully
245
246		The permission error is expected behavior for TUN device creation on Linux. The implementation is ready for integration with the HyperswarmRouter component.
247
248		---
249
250		Status: ✅ Ready for next phase (HyperswarmRouter implementation)
	214	`hypercore-crypto` and `hyperswarm` are dependencies of the gateway
	215	overall, not of UTUNManager specifically.

hyperident-gateway commits / 402dd80

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